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Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Plastic Waste: A Comprehensive Review
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Catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste can convert mixed waste streams into high-quality fuels and chars by using catalysts to promote deoxygenation, hydrogen transfer, and selective cracking of macromolecular intermediates. This thermochemical approach offers a scalable strategy for valorizing plastic waste, reducing the volume of materials that ultimately fragment into environmental microplastics.
Catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste has gained significant attention as a strategically important thermochemical route for converting heterogeneous waste streams into high-value fuels and carbonaceous products. Recent advances demonstrate that the integration of suitable catalysts can substantially enhance product quality by promoting hydrogen transfer reactions, accelerating deoxygenation pathways, and facilitating the selective cracking of macromolecular intermediates. These catalytic effects not only enrich bio-oil with hydrocarbons and reduce oxygenated compounds but also improve syngas composition and tailor the structural properties of resultant chars for functional applications. This review synthesizes recent advancements in catalyst design, reaction mechanisms, synergistic effects, and reactor configurations. Special emphasis is placed on hydrogen donor interactions, deoxygenation mechanisms, and catalytic cracking behavior. Challenges related to catalyst stability, process scaleup, and technoeconomic feasibility are discussed, along with future research pathways.
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Plastic regulates its co-pyrolysis process with biomass: Influencing factors, model calculations, and mechanisms
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Researchers investigated co-pyrolysis of plastics and biomass, finding that varying the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of biomass feedstocks influences synergistic effects on bio-oil quality, offering a strategy to improve plastic waste valorization.
Recent Progresses in Pyrolysis of Plastic Packaging Wastes and Biomass Materials for Conversion of High-Value Carbons: A Review
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This review examines pyrolysis of plastic packaging waste and biomass materials as routes to fuel and chemical recovery, comparing process conditions, product yields, and co-pyrolysis synergies. The authors find that blending plastics with biomass can improve fuel quality and reduce char formation, advancing the case for mixed-feedstock pyrolysis systems.
Thermochemical Conversion of Plastic Waste into Fuels, Chemicals, and Value‐Added Materials: A Critical Review and Outlooks
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Researchers critically reviewed thermochemical conversion pathways—pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction—for plastic waste, concluding that while each method shows promise for producing fuels and chemicals, feedstock heterogeneity and catalyst deactivation remain key barriers to commercial scale-up.
A Review on Biofuels and Chemicals Production by Co-pyrolysis of Solid Biomass Feedstocks and Non-degradable Plastics
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This review examines co-pyrolysis processes that convert mixtures of plastic waste and solid biomass into fuels and chemical products. Co-pyrolysis offers a way to valorize plastic waste that would otherwise break down into microplastics in the environment, while also producing usable energy.
Critical review on the production of quality-enhanced bio-oil from co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and common plastics waste
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This review paper rounds up existing research on turning plastic waste and plant-based materials (like wood or crop leftovers) into fuel oil by heating them together without oxygen, a process called co-pyrolysis. This matters because it offers a potential way to recycle hard-to-manage plastic waste into usable energy instead of it piling up in landfills or breaking down into microplastics that pollute our water, food, and bodies. Note that this is a technical engineering review focused on fuel production methods, not a study measuring direct human health outcomes.
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