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Environmental fate behavior and risk implications of legacy and emerging PFAS across multiple media: a spatiotemporal perspective from Africa and beyond
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This review examines the environmental distribution, persistence, mobility, transformation, and degradation pathways of both legacy and emerging PFAS across multiple environmental media from a spatiotemporal perspective with a focus on Africa. PFAS and microplastics share critical environmental fate characteristics — persistence, bioaccumulation, and long-range transport — and co-contaminate many of the same water bodies and food sources, making their combined risk a growing research priority.
This article reviews the distribution, fate, and behaviour of PFAS across environmental media, examining their persistence, mobility, transformation, and degradation processes.
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