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Selection of Binding Material for the Manufacture of Polymer Composite Materials Based on Plant Fibers

Original title: Выбор связующего материала для изготовления полимерных композиционных материалов на основе растительных волокон

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Fabrication trials of plant fiber-reinforced microplastic composites with biodegradable polymer binders found that vinyl acetate copolymers and starch-based binders achieved reinforcement coefficients (Ku=3.2 and 2.5) comparable to conventional epoxy matrices (Ku=3.8). Developing biodegradable polymer composites is directly relevant to microplastic pollution research, as replacing persistent synthetic polymers with biodegradable alternatives reduces long-term microplastic accumulation in the environment.

Описан процесс изготовления образцов микропластиков, армированных растительными волокнами, с применением различных связующих полимерных составов. В качестве армирующего материала использовались волокна льна сантехнического. В качестве матриц были выбраны пять видов распространенных связующих полимеров, в составе которых находятся биоразгалаемые компоненты. Испытания полученных образцов на прочностные характеристики проводили на разрывной машине Р-0,5. По результатам испытаний рассчитывались удельная разрывная нагрузка и коэффициент усиления. Наиболее высокие значения коэффициента усиления получены для образцов со связующими на основе крахмала (Ку=2,5), натрий карбоксиметилцеллюлозы (Ку=2,0), сополимеры винилацетата (Ку=3,2), которые сопоставимы с контрольными образцами на основе эпоксидной матрицы (Ку=3,8). Исследованные полимеры обладают потенциальной возможностью их использования в качестве матриц для изготовления полимерных композиционных материалов с применением растительных волокон. Поливинилацетат даёт коэффициент усиления 1,2, связующее на основе жидкого стекла (Ку=0,9) ослабляет взаимосвязь волокон в составе композита вследствие хрупкого разрушения. The fabrication process of plant fiber-reinforced microplastic samples using various polymer binder compositions is described. Plumbing flax fibers were used as the reinforcing material. Five types of commonly used polymer binders composed of biodegradable components were selected as matrices. The obtained specimens were tested for strength characteristics on an R-0.5 tensile machine. Based on the test results, the specific tensile strength and the reinforcement factor (Rf) were calculated. The highest reinforcement factors were achieved for samples with binders based on starch (Rf=2.5), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Rf =2.0) and vinyl acetate copolymers (Rf =3.2), which are comparable to the controls based on an epoxy matrix (Rf =3.8). The studied polymers exhibit the potential for use as matrices to fabricate polymer composite materials using plant fibers. Polyvinyl acetate provides a reinforcement factor of Rf = 1.2, while a liquid glass-based binder (Rf = 0.9) weakens the fiber-to-fiber interactions in the composite due to brittle fracture.

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