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Recent advances in chemical recycling and upcycling of plastic waste into valuable materials, chemicals, and energy: a comprehensive review

Environmental Sustainability 2026
Kalsoom Jan, Dhruba Jyoti Deka, Evan Yu, Taofeng Lu, Kai Li, Huixin Jiang, Kashif Nawaz, Erin G Webb, Soydan Ozcan, Rongge Zou, Leilei Dai, Hanwu Lei, Roger Ruan, X. C. Zhao, Wan-Ting Grace Chen

Summary

A comprehensive review cataloged advanced chemical recycling and upcycling pathways—including pyrolysis, gasification, hydrocracking, and solvolysis—capable of transforming mixed plastic waste streams into circular high-value chemicals, fuels, and energy carriers. These technologies are directly relevant to microplastic pollution research because scaling chemical recycling reduces the volume of plastic that degrades into environmental microplastics, addressing the problem at the source.

A comprehensive review of advanced chemical upcycling pathways transforming plastic waste into circular, high-value chemicals, fuels, and energy carriers.

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