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Perinatal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Induces Sex- and Hormone-Dependent Alterations in Anxiety, Memory, Neurotransmitter Content, and Hippocampal Gene Expression

Microplastics and Nanoplastics 2026
Kimberly Wiersielis, Kevin M Moran, RidhaFatima Mukadam, Jarrett Early, Vicki Appel, Catherine Rojas, Ali Yasrebi, Troy Adam Roepke

Summary

Perinatal exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) produced sex- and hormone-dependent impairments in anxiety, spatial memory, and hippocampal gene expression in rodents, with males showing spatial memory deficits and females showing hormone-status-dependent anxiety changes. These findings raise concerns about widespread OPFR contamination as a developmental neurotoxicant affecting brain chemistry and behavior through endocrine-mediated pathways.

Body Systems
Nervous Reproductive

Anxiety-like behavior in OPFR-treated females varied with ovarian hormone statusHigh ovarian hormone OPFR females showed task-dependent changes in memoryMales displayed impaired spatial memory following perinatal OPFR treatmentPerinatal OPFR modifies hippocampal and prefrontal dopamine and norepinephrineOPFR treatment altered individual gene and functional gene module expression.

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