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A Review: Impact of Environmental Contaminants on Wildlife

C – Journal of Carbon Research 2026
Shrikant Singh, Shivani Pandey, Niharika Bharti, Ankita Yadav, Diksha Maurya, Supriya Yadav, Vishwakarma A. K.

Summary

This review synthesizes global evidence on how pesticides, plastics, heavy metals, PFAS, and other contaminants harm wildlife across terrestrial and aquatic taxa, identifying under-studied regions, taxonomic gaps, and compounding interactions with climate change and biological invasions. The review highlights plastics and microplastics as a growing threat requiring standardized monitoring protocols and integrated conservation strategies to protect biodiversity.

Environmental pollution is one of the most hazardous threats to wildlife populations throughout the world and affecting various taxa different habitats like terrestrial, aquatic etc. This review focus to current scientific evidence on the global scenario of environmental pollution and its impacts on wildlife, from recent systematic reviews. The various major pollutants can affects the wildlife including pesticides, drugs, plastics, heavy metals, organic pollutants and out coming contaminants like perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. This review explores the various processes through which pollutants can affects wildlife health. We analyse geographic and taxonomic patterns in pollution research, identifying critical knowledge gaps in under-studied regions and species. Furthermore, we focus the complex interactions between pollution and other global change drivers, specially climate change and biological invasions. The review concludes by evaluating current conservation strategies and proposing integrative approaches for mitigating pollution impacts on wildlife, emphasizing the need for standardized monitoring protocols, enhanced regulatory frameworks, and interdisciplinary collaboration within the worldwide health

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