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Microplastics and phthalate esters in tropical estuaries of Hainan Island, China: Spatial distribution and interrelationship patterns
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Microplastic distribution and contamination in sediment, water, and benthos from mangrove to coastal areas, Hainan Island, China
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A study of mangrove areas and adjacent open water in Hainan Island, China found higher microplastic concentrations in mangrove zones across sediment, water, and benthic organisms, with polychaetes and bivalves facing elevated ecological risk. Mangroves act as microplastic traps, meaning shellfish and bottom-dwelling creatures in these ecosystems face heightened exposure, with potential implications for seafood safety.
Distribution and ecological risks of microplastics in a tropical tourism island area in Hainan, China
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Surveys of a tropical tourism island in Hainan, China found microplastic abundance of 1,117 items/kg in terrestrial soils — dominated by polypropylene and polyethylene fragments from tourism infrastructure — and 275–755 items/kg in nearshore sediments where fishing and domestic sewage contributed fibrous PET particles. The study shows tourism-driven islands face elevated terrestrial microplastic loads with distinct sources and polymer compositions compared to adjacent marine sediments.
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Researchers sampled water and sediment across seven sites along the Palar River estuary in southeast India, finding that fiber-shaped high-density polyethylene microplastics dominate, likely originating from fishing gear and industrial discharge. The study establishes a contamination baseline for a multi-source river system, highlighting how riverine environments serve as highways transporting plastic pollution from inland industrial and agricultural sources into coastal marine ecosystems.
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This review synthesizes data on microplastic distribution, sources, and sink dynamics across rivers, nearshore zones, and estuaries of the South China Sea, identifying river inputs, industrial discharge, aquaculture, and shipping as major pollution drivers. The findings are significant because the South China Sea's densely populated coastal margins represent a major pathway through which microplastics enter marine ecosystems and regional seafood supplies.
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