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The effects of microplastics exposure on the growth and development of children
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Microplastics disrupt children's health through multiple pathways including endocrine system interference, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and potential transgenerational effects, with growing evidence that developmental exposures carry outsized risks during critical growth periods. This review synthesizes toxicology and pediatric research to call for targeted regulatory action to reduce children's exposure to microplastics from food, water, and air.
Microplastics (MPs), as emerging environmental pollutants, found from the deepest oceans to the highest mountains, and crucially, within the human body, have attracted increasing attention due to their widespread presence and potential health impacts. This review addresses the multifaceted influence of MP exposure on endocrine regulation, gut microecology, the potential transgenerational effects, and child growth and development. Firstly, the sources and environmental distribution characteristics of MPs were outlined, their persistence and bioaccumulation potential were highlighted. How MPs act as carriers of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, interfering with hormonal systems and potentially disrupting children’s physiological development was elucidated subsequently. Special emphasis is placed on the mechanisms by which MPs alter gut microbial communities, leading to dysbiosis that may compromise immune function and metabolic processes in children. By synthesizing recent advances in toxicology, microbiology, and pediatric research, present review amalgamates insights from contemporary studies, elaborates the comprehensive health risks posed by MP exposure during critical developmental periods, underscoring the urgent need for targeted preventive and regulatory measures to mitigate MP-related health hazards and promote child health. We aim to provide a scientific foundation for future research directions of MPs exposure and the development of effective intervention strategies.
More Papers Like This
Endocrine disrupting chemicals and their impact on child development: mechanisms, vulnerability windows, and health consequences
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This review pulls together existing research on "endocrine disruptors", chemicals found in everyday products (including micro- and nanoplastics) that can interfere with hormones, and how they affect children, who are especially vulnerable because their bodies and brains are still rapidly developing. The research suggests these chemicals may disrupt growth, brain development, and puberty, and some effects might even be passed down to future generations, though more studies are still needed to fully confirm this. The takeaway: since these chemicals are nearly impossible to completely avoid, understanding and reducing exposure during pregnancy and childhood could matter for long-term health.
From Placenta to Puberty: Micro plastics and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Across the Pediatric Life Course
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This review pulls together existing research on how kids are exposed to microplastics and plastic chemicals, starting before birth and continuing through childhood. The strongest evidence links plastic-related chemicals (not the plastic particles themselves) to issues like altered growth, thyroid problems and reproductive effects, though more research is needed to confirm direct causes. Simple steps to reduce exposure, paired with better regulation, could help protect children's long-term health.
Microplastics and the gut microbiome: Emerging health concerns and strategies
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This review covers how microplastic ingestion affects the gut microbiome, describing mechanisms by which microplastics cause intestinal disorders, disrupt endocrine function, and promote pathogenic bacterial growth, while also noting inhalation and dermal absorption as secondary exposure routes.
Microplastics as Vectors Influencing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Endocrine Function During Early Development
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This review pulls together existing research showing that tiny plastic particles (microplastics and nanoplastics) don't just enter the body on their own—they can act like tiny sponges, carrying pesticides, metals, and hormone-disrupting chemicals along with them. This is especially concerning for babies and young children, whose gut linings and detox systems are still developing, making it easier for these particles and their chemical hitchhikers to trigger cell damage, inflammation, and hormone disruption that could affect growth and long-term health. While more research is needed to confirm real-world effects, this highlights why reducing early-life plastic exposure may be
Emerging role of microplastics and nanoplastics in children's health
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Tiny plastic particles called microplastics and nanoplastics have been found in the placenta, breast milk, and even infant poop, showing that babies are exposed to plastic pollution before and after birth. This review of existing research explains that kids may be especially vulnerable because their bodies are still developing, and these particles may disrupt gut health, hormones, lungs, and even brain development. While more research is needed to fully understand the risks, the findings add to growing concerns about reducing everyday plastic exposure for children.
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