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Review on plastic-derived chemical pollutants in estuarine ecosystems: Assessing the scale of microplastic contamination

NeuroToxicology 2026
A. R. Nisari, K. R. Renjith

Summary

Plastic-derived chemical pollutants — including endocrine disruptors and mutagens leached from plastic debris — accumulate persistently in estuarine sediments, water, and aquatic organisms, and can serve as tracers for overall microplastic contamination levels. Estuaries are particularly vulnerable hotspots where riverine plastic pollution converges with coastal marine environments, amplifying ecological and human health risks.

Body Systems
Study Type Environmental

The major source of synthetic additives in estuarine ecology is plastic contamination and its dispersion. Therefore, the plastic-related chemicals can be used as an indicator of microplastic pollution in various environmental niches. The persistence and accumulation characteristics of these chemicals enhance their transfer to water, sediment, and biotic materials. These chemicals are endocrine disruptors and mutagens that affect the next generation. Systematic scientific approaches are essential for the remedial measures and sustainable environmental management processes. Graphical Abstract

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