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Environmental transformation and ecological implications of surface and subsurface microplastics in marine environments
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
2026
Sonali Yadav,
Sabyasachi Rout,
Vandana Pulahni,
A.Vinod Kumar
Summary
This study found that microplastics submerged at depth in coastal marine waters develop thicker, heterotroph-dominated biofilms and undergo oxidative weathering that dramatically increases their capacity to adsorb heavy metals—with lead uptake by LDPE rising roughly 600-fold compared to pristine particles—highlighting how depth shapes contaminant transport risk.