Visitor Perceptions of Reusable Foodware Implementation at Grand Canyon National Park: A Pilot Study for Messaging and Graphic Design Considerations

The Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) attracts roughly five million visitors annually, creating immense pressure on the waste stream managed in the park. To reduce environmental impacts, the National Park Service, collaborating organizations and concessionaires are in the process of implementing large-scale reusable foodware systems, replacing single-use plastics. This pilot study aimed to engage visitors in the design process to inform preferences and attitudes to further support management decision-making regarding the design and implementation of reusable foodware systems in the park. During September 2025, park visitors were intercepted at key concessionaire food vending locations and asked to complete a brief survey. The survey contained attitudinal questions, persuasive phrases, and potential logos and graphic designs that could be used with program implementation, which were evaluated via Likert scales by n = 164 respondents. Results suggest that respondents have overwhelmingly positive attitudes and norms towards reusing foodware at the park. Results highlight phrases and graphic designs that will be most effective as the program launches and can be used to inform future research.