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Harnessing microalgae for microplastic removal and biofuel production
Summary
This book chapter reviews how microalgae can simultaneously address microplastic removal from aquatic environments and serve as feedstock for biofuel production, presenting the dual-benefit approach as a promising strategy for sustainable environmental remediation.
The accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems and human health. In response to this environmental challenge, innovative strategies are imperative to mitigate MP pollution while promoting sustainable practices. This book chapter explores the dual functionality of microalgae in both MP removal and biofuel production, presenting a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in this emerging field. It examines the sources and environmental impacts of MPs, emphasizing the urgency for effective remediation strategies. Delving into the unique capabilities of microalgae, this chapter elucidates their mechanisms for capturing and metabolizing MPs, alongside their potential integration with wastewater treatment systems for enhanced pollutant removal and nutrient recovery. Additionally, it discusses the biochemical pathways involved in lipid accumulation and biomass conversion, optimizing cultivation conditions and downstream processing methods to maximize biofuel yields while minimizing environmental impact. Through a critical evaluation of economic feasibility and scalability, this chapter underscores the promising potential of microalgae-based systems for mitigating MP pollution and advancing sustainable biofuel production, offering a holistic approach to addressing pressing environmental challenges.