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A Bayesian-optimized convolutional neural network bidirectional gated recurrent unit model for dynamometer card reconstruction in beam pumping units

Mechanical sciences 2026 Score: 40 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Zhewei Ye, Changjiang Li, Zhang Liu, Hao Wang

Summary

**TLDR:** This research developed a computer system that uses artificial intelligence to better monitor oil pumps by analyzing electrical signals. The system can more accurately predict when oil pumps need maintenance or adjustments, which could help prevent equipment failures. While this study focuses on industrial oil extraction rather than direct human health impacts, improved monitoring systems could reduce environmental risks from pump malfunctions.

Abstract. The surface dynamometer card (DC) of beam pumping units plays a critical role in monitoring well conditions and adjusting pumping parameters. While several data-driven approaches based on deep learning have been applied to this task, they often suffer from limitations in input data completeness, model tuning, and the effective integration of deep learning structures. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel inversion model named BO-CNN-BiGRU, which combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs), bidirectional gated recurrent units (BiGRUs), and Bayesian optimization (BO). The model inputs are determined based on the mechanism of beam pumping systems. CNNs are used to extract deep spatial features from electrical signals, BiGRU captures complex temporal dependencies to reconstruct polished-rod load curves, and BO enables automatic hyperparameter optimization. Field experiments conducted using real oil well production data demonstrate that the BO-CNN-BiGRU model achieves superior accuracy, robustness, and practicality. The proposed method can provide more reliable indicator diagrams to support intelligent regulation and diagnosis of beam pumping operations.

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