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Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics on the Growth Rate, Liver Enzyme, and Serum Metabolites of Cirrhinus mrigala
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Scientists found that plastic particles in water seriously harm fish by damaging their liver and slowing their growth. Since we eat fish and plastic pollution affects the entire food chain, this research suggests that microplastics could eventually impact human health too. The more plastic particles in the water, the sicker the fish became, which is concerning because plastic pollution in our waterways keeps getting worse.
Polyvinyl chloride microplastics have become one of the most harmful aquatic pollutants, and their potential toxicity to fish has become one of the major issues. The target of our research was to determine the effects of polyvinyl chloride microplastics on the Cirrhinus mrigala growth pattern and serum metabolites like glucose, protein, and lipid profiles. To assess the effect of polyvinyl chloride on Cirrhinus mrigala, we use four containers marked as T0, T1, T2, and T3. An equal number of fingerlings was placed in each container. T0 used as control, in which we used no microplastics. While 50, 100, and 150 mg/L of microplastics were used in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The research was performed under the complete randomized design (CRD). After 4 weeks of growth, the result was measured, and the result was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. After a specific time, the growth was compared. The fingerlings in T3 had a smaller length than those in other containers due to a high amount of PVC microplastics. The noticeable changes in the liver include loss of cell shape, damaged liver cells, and deposition of fat in parenchyma cells. The serum metabolites parameter was measured by LFT. Serum metabolite parameters such as ALT, AST, ALP, protein, bilirubin, and GGT were significantly elevated as PVC quantity increased. The results of this study revealed that a higher concentration of PVC microplastics could have negative impacts on the growth and liver of fish, which may ultimately endanger the food web.
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Effect of Polyvinyl Chloride and Polystyrene Micro-Plastics on Growth, Digestive Enzymes, Oxidative Stress, and DNA Damage in Ctenopharyngodon idella.
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Fish fed diets containing common plastic particles (from PVC and polystyrene, found in packaging and household items) grew significantly slower, showed signs of cell stress, and had more DNA damage compared to fish without plastic exposure—and these effects got worse with higher plastic doses. Since these fish are a food source, this research is a reminder that microplastics polluting our waterways don't just harm aquatic life—they raise questions about what ends up on our plates, too.
Survival rate and growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed in polyvinyl chloride microplastics
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This study tested how polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics affect the survival and growth of tilapia, a widely eaten fish. While focused on fish rather than humans, it provides data on how microplastics in water can harm aquatic life that ends up on our plates. The findings add to concerns about microplastic contamination in the food chain.
Microplastics in Aquatic Ecosystems: Impacts on Fish Health and Potential Risks to Human Health
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This review pulls together existing research showing that tiny plastic particles in water harm fish, damaging their organs, growth, and reproduction. Since these particles build up in fish that people eat, they may enter our food chain too. The researchers call for less plastic production and better waste treatment to curb the problem.
Integrated biomarker responses to dietary polypropylene microplastics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under simulated aquaculture conditions
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Scientists fed rainbow trout food containing tiny plastic particles (microplastics) for 45 days and found the fish grew more slowly, with the plastic causing stress and damage in their liver, brain, and other organs, effects that got worse with higher plastic doses and longer exposure. Since farmed trout is a common food fish, this research is an early warning sign that the growing amount of microplastic pollution could affect the health of fish we eat, though more research is needed to know exactly what this means for humans.
Investigating the toxicity of polylactic acid microplastics on the health and physiology of freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala
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Researchers fed freshwater fish polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics, often considered a more eco-friendly plastic alternative, for 90 days at various concentrations. They found that PLA microplastics negatively affected the fish's growth, nutrient digestibility, blood chemistry, and caused tissue damage to the liver and intestines. The findings suggest that even biodegradable plastics can be harmful to aquatic organisms when ingested over time.
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