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Bioaccessibility of Organic Compounds Associated with Tire Particles Using a Fish In Vitro Digestive Model: Solubilization Kinetics and Effects of Food Coingestion.
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Researchers used a fish gastrointestinal model to test the bioaccessibility of toxic organic chemicals associated with tire and road wear particles (TRWPs). They found that several compounds including benzothiazoles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were released from tire particles under simulated digestive conditions. This suggests that fish consuming TRWPs could be exposed to meaningful doses of tire-derived chemicals.
Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) account for an important part of the polymer particles released into the environment. There are scientific knowledge gaps as to the potential bioaccessibility of chemicals associated with TRWP to aquatic organisms. This study investigated the solubilization and bioaccessibility of seven of the most widely used tire-associated organic chemicals and four of their degradation products from cryogenically milled tire tread (CMTT) into fish digestive fluids using an digestion model based on . Our results showed that 0.06-44.1% of the selected compounds were rapidly solubilized into simulated gastric and intestinal fluids within a typical gut transit time for fish (3 h in gastric and 24 h in intestinal fluids). The environmentally realistic scenario of coingestion of CMTT and fish prey was explored using ground . Coingestion caused compound-specific changes in solubilization, either increasing or decreasing the compounds' bioaccessibility in simulated gut fluids compared to CMTT alone. Our results emphasize that tire-associated compounds become accessible in a digestive milieu and should be studied further with respect to their bioaccumulation and toxicological effects upon passage of intestinal epithelial cells.
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Bioaccessibility of organic compounds associated with tire particles using a fish in vitro digestive model: solubilization kinetics and effects of food co-ingestion
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This study investigated the bioaccessibility of chemicals from tire and road wear particles (TRWP) to aquatic organisms using a fish in vitro digestive model. It found that co-ingested food increased the solubilization of chemical contaminants from TRWP, suggesting higher bioavailability in realistic feeding conditions.
In Vitro Digestion of Tire Particles in a Fish Model (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Solubilization Kinetics of Heavy Metals and Effects of Food Coingestion.
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This study found that fish gastrointestinal fluids greatly enhance the release of zinc from tire and road wear particles compared to plain water, with 9.6-23% of total zinc solubilized during digestion. Coingestion with animal-based food reduced zinc availability while coingestion with plant-based food increased it, suggesting food type matters when assessing metal exposure from tire particle ingestion.
In-vitro digestion of Tire and Road Wear Particles: Bioavailability of metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Researchers used simulated rainbow trout gastric and intestinal fluids to assess the bioavailability of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from tire and road wear particles, finding up to 10-fold greater solubilization in gut fluids compared to controls, with zinc highly released in acidic gastric conditions and PAHs mobilized by bile surfactants in intestinal fluid.
Evaluation of tire tread particle toxicity to fish using rainbow trout cell lines
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Researchers tested how tire and road wear particles — tiny fragments shed from vehicle tires — affect fish cells representing gill and intestinal tissue. They found toxicity was mainly driven by chemicals leaching out of the particles, including zinc and several rubber additives, with digestion conditions increasing how much of these chemicals were released.
Toxicological effects of micronized tire crumb rubber on mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
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Both mummichog and fathead minnow fish exposed to crumb rubber particles ingested the material and accumulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in their bile, and high doses caused partial mortality in fathead minnow. The study demonstrates that tire wear particles can deliver toxic PAH compounds to freshwater fish through ingestion.
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