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Micro Plastic Contamination: A Comprehensive Review of Risks and Sustainable Solutions
Summary
This comprehensive review examines the sources, environmental fate, ecological impacts, and potential sustainable solutions for microplastic contamination, summarizing evidence for MP effects on aquatic organisms and discussing physical, chemical, and biological strategies to reduce pollution.
Plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, known as microplastics, come from microbeads, synthetic fibres, and the decomposition of bigger plastics. Surface runoff, wastewater effluent, and air deposition carry these particles to aquatic ecosystems. Microplastics can damage aquatic species, impair feeding and reproduction, and bioaccumulate toxins. Humans may have digestive, respiratory, and reproductive difficulties from intake or inhalation. Bans on microbeads, waste management improvements, sophisticated wastewater treatment plant filtration systems, and consumer education on plastic reduction and disposal are mitigation options. The detection, quantification, and regulation of microplastics remain difficult despite these efforts.
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