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Aging of Tire Particles in Deep-Sea Conditions: Interactions between Hydrostatic Pressure, Prokaryotic Growth and Chemical Leaching.

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Richard Sempéré, Bettina Seiwert, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Richard Sempéré, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Bettina Seiwert, Bettina Seiwert, Richard Sempéré, Natascha Schmidt, Aurelio Foscari, Thorsten Reemtsma Marc Garel, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Thorsten Reemtsma Dorte Herzke, Bettina Seiwert, Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Christian Tamburini, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Bettina Seiwert, Bettina Seiwert, Thorsten Reemtsma Richard Sempéré, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Thorsten Reemtsma Dorte Herzke, Thorsten Reemtsma Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Richard Sempéré, Dorte Herzke, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Thorsten Reemtsma Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Marc Garel, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Richard Sempéré, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Christian Tamburini, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Thorsten Reemtsma Bettina Seiwert, Richard Sempéré, Natascha Schmidt, Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Richard Sempéré, Dorte Herzke, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Thorsten Reemtsma Thorsten Reemtsma Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Richard Sempéré, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Richard Sempéré, Richard Sempéré, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Natascha Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Dorte Herzke, Natascha Schmidt, Dorte Herzke, Thorsten Reemtsma

Summary

This laboratory study simulated deep-sea conditions to investigate how high hydrostatic pressure and prokaryotic biofilms affect tire particle aging. Deep-sea pressure and microbial colonization altered the physical and chemical properties of tire particles, with implications for their long-term fate as a microplastic sink.

Study Type Environmental

Tire particles can enter the marine environment e.g. through direct discharge of road runoff, sewage systems or riverine inputs. Their fate in marine waters remains largely unknown, though the deep sea could be a final sink as for other marine litter. To simulate these conditions, we investigated in laboratory-controlled conditions the effects of high-hydrostatic pressure [20 MPa] vs atmospheric pressure [0.1 MPa] on the leaching of 17 organic compounds from cryo-milled tire tread particles (μm sized) and crumb rubber particles (mm sized) into natural seawater. We monitored the abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes in the leachates over the 14 day exposure period under biotic conditions. Abiotic controls were employed to delineate the influence of prokaryotes on the fate of leached chemicals. Our results showed leaching of dissolved organic carbon and target chemicals under all experimental conditions, with higher concentrations of certain target chemicals under high-hydrostatic pressure conditions (e.g., 1,3-diphenylguanidine [DPG]: max. 703 (20 MPa) vs 119 μg/L (0.1 MPa) from cryo-milled tire tread particles under biotic conditions). Under abiotic conditions leaching was weaker for DPG and other chemicals, with contrasting trends for chemicals prone to biotransformation. In crumb rubber leachates chemical concentrations increased with time, but showed no significant differences between biotic/abiotic or high-hydrostatic/atmospheric pressure conditions. Prokaryotic abundance increased in all samples containing tire particles compared to seawater controls, indicating the use of the rubber and/or leached chemicals as an energy source.

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