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Computational Estimation of Multiaxial Yield Surface Using Microyield Percolation Analysis
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This study developed a computational method to estimate multiaxial yield surfaces from microyield percolation simulations, addressing the challenge that full 3D yield surface mapping is extremely resource-intensive experimentally. The approach offers a practical way to generate accurate material data needed for advanced forming simulations.
Measurements of multiaxial properties of materials, such as yield surfaces, damage surfaces and fracture limit surfaces, are a time and resource intensive problem. For three-dimensional (3D) multiaxial yield of a complex microstructure, hundreds of points are required at different 3D strain states to define a full yield surface to the resolution required for constitutive model implementation. Experimental determination of the effects generated by a specific microstructure on a multiaxial yield surface is hindered by the inability to produce multiple specimens with the exact same microstructure or the inability to subject the same specimen to multiple stress or strain states without changing its response. Full nonlinear analysis of a specific microstructure for such a large set of points is also prohibitive, due to the time constraints of solving large, 3D nonlinear problems. A technique has been developed that uses high resolution 3D tomographic images and finite element simulations to track the development of microplastic connectivity for actual material microstructures in an 1100 aluminum/TiB2 particle composite. This information is then used to estimate the 3D multiaxial yield surface of the material in strain space for the imaged microstructures. The multiaxial yield surface is estimated using linear superposition and load scaling of three orthogonal displacement basis loads. Macroscopic yielding is defined as the percolation of microplastic elements across the model. Interval halving is used to solve for the scaling parameter, iterating to the value at which plastic flow percolation occurs and defining a point on the yield surface. Percolation can occur across one or more of the three directions defined by the model, but it need not occur simultaneously. A small selected set of nonlinear analyses is used as calibration for the estimated yield surface. The aim of this approach is to accelerate the process of building 3D multiaxial yield surfaces from microstructures and to gain insight into the material microstructure performance.
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Computational Estimation of Multiaxial Yield Surface Using Microyield Percolation Analysis
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A computational method using microyield percolation theory was developed to efficiently estimate multiaxial yield surfaces of complex material microstructures without requiring hundreds of individual mechanical tests. The approach significantly reduces the experimental and computational cost of characterizing three-dimensional yield behavior for use in material constitutive models.
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This paper describes a numerical method for determining generalized initial yield surfaces of unidirectional metal matrix composites under arbitrary external loads and temperature changes, representing the surface in a 3D generalized stress coordinate system. For a boron-aluminum composite, the yield surface is an irregular ellipsoid, and even small external loads or moderate temperature changes can cause microplastic yielding in the composite.
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