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Tier 2
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Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence.
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Microplastics in shore communities - uptake by the common periwinkle Littorina litorea
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut)
2014
Antonia Eckerlebe,
Reinhard Saborowski,
Lars Gutow
Summary
This research assessed microplastic ingestion by marine invertebrates in intertidal zones along a European Atlantic coast, finding particles in all sampled species. Ingestion rates varied by feeding mode, with suspension feeders accumulating higher particle loads than deposit feeders or predators at equivalent contamination levels.