Les microplastiques en milieu marin : supports de contaminants chimiques - Étude bibliographique

microplastics are ubiquitous in the marine environment, particularly in ocean gyres. this review makes an assessment of the current knowledge about microplastics as support of chemical contaminants in marine environment. 121 papers were included in this report, with 53 on the theme "microplastics, contaminants and marine environment". adsorption and desorption capacities of contaminants on microplastic depend on the contaminant, the microplastic, and external factors (salinity, organic matter and interaction with other contaminants). regardless of the sampled matrix (water and sand) and the geographical area, results have shown the presence of chemical contaminants on microplastics, which are persistent organic pollutants (pops) in the water (pcbs, pahs, pesticides) or plastic plastic additives (pbde, bisphenol a, alkylphenols). a large variability in concentrations is observed according to the place, the type of plastic and between each microplastic. the different data acquisition methods do not allow the comparison between studies. in biota, desorption of contaminants on microplastics is favored in the presence of surfactants. it has been shown that once ingested, microplastic can transfer certain contaminants. the fish exposed to microplastics with pyrene, has different effects compared to fish exposed only to pyrene. microplastics concentrate pollutants, transport them and increase their persistence in the marine environment. with microplastics, exposure of biota to chemical contaminants is increased. microplastics distort risk of contamination for biota and the effects of contaminants. the role of microplastics in the total load of contaminants in marine organisms is not yet well defined, the difficulty is to know if these contaminants come from environment or microplastics. the accumulation and biomagnification of contaminants in organisms via microplastics remain to be studied.