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First evidence of microplastics in the African Great Lakes: Recovery from Lake Victoria Nile perch and Nile tilapia
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A global synthesis of microplastic ingestion data from marine, freshwater, and estuarine fish found that 49% of sampled fish worldwide had ingested plastic, averaging 3.5 pieces per fish, with freshwater fish and those from aquaculture sources showing higher ingestion rates than wild marine fish. This comprehensive analysis reveals that microplastic contamination of fish — a primary human protein source globally — is now the rule rather than the exception, underscoring urgent risks to food safety.
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Juvenile Nile tilapia exposed to microplastics showed significantly lower survival rates, reduced body weight, smaller eye diameter, elevated superoxide dismutase activity, and reduced catalase activity compared to controls, indicating physiological stress and impaired antioxidant defense. These dose-response effects on a widely farmed species provide direct evidence that microplastic ingestion compromises fish growth and survival, with implications for aquaculture productivity and the integrity of fish-based food systems.
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This review synthesizes findings on microplastic occurrence, sources, and ecological effects in lake ecosystems worldwide, with a focus on how microplastics migrate through water columns and accumulate across aquatic food chains. Lakes are critical freshwater resources for drinking water and fisheries, making the documented bioaccumulation and toxicity of microplastics in lake food webs a direct public health concern.
Current State of Research on the Prevalence of Microplastics in Aquatic Fish and Their Impact on Health
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Researchers reviewed microplastic contamination in fish across all seven continents, finding marine fish were studied 2.6 times more than freshwater species, and that microplastics trigger oxidative stress, alter biochemical pathways, and accumulate through biotransformation in fish tissues globally.
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