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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Human Health Effects Marine & Wildlife Remediation Sign in to save

Release of primary microplastics from consumer products to wastewater in the Netherlands

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2015 182 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 40 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Annemarie P. van Wezel Annemarie P. van Wezel Annemarie P. van Wezel S.A.E. Kools, Inez Caris, Inez Caris, Annemarie P. van Wezel Annemarie P. van Wezel S.A.E. Kools, Annemarie P. van Wezel S.A.E. Kools, Annemarie P. van Wezel Annemarie P. van Wezel Annemarie P. van Wezel Annemarie P. van Wezel Annemarie P. van Wezel Annemarie P. van Wezel Annemarie P. van Wezel Annemarie P. van Wezel Annemarie P. van Wezel S.A.E. Kools, Annemarie P. van Wezel

Summary

Researchers estimated the release of primary microplastics from consumer products — including cosmetics, cleaning agents, and paint — into Dutch wastewater, finding sewage effluent concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 66 μg/L depending on scenario assumptions. All product categories contributed to microplastic loads reaching surface waters via sewage treatment plant effluent.

Study Type Environmental

The authors estimate the release of primary microplastics from consumer products-cosmetics and personal care products, cleaning agents, and paint and coatings-via sewage effluent as an expected relevant route to the marine environment. Total estimated concentrations in the 3 scenarios are 0.2 μg/L, 2.7 μg/L, and 66 μg/L in sewage-treatment plant (STP) effluent, respectively. All product categories relevantly contribute. Predicted concentrations are compared with reported actual concentrations in STP effluents. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1627-1631. © 2015 SETAC.

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