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Toxicity assessment of pollutants sorbed on microplastics using various bioassays on two fish cell lines
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Researchers collected microplastic samples from ocean expeditions and tested their toxicity using two fish cell lines, finding that cell lines differed in sensitivity and that microplastics with sorbed pollutants were toxic to cells. The results suggest that real-world microplastics carrying accumulated chemical pollutants pose a chemical toxicity risk to marine organisms beyond just the physical effects of ingesting plastic.
Microplastics are tiny plastic fragments resulted from runoff and weathering breakdown of larger plastics debris. They represent an emerging concern for marine ecosystems. Microplastics impacts on aquatic life are little studied. These small particles could be ingested directly by organisms and cause chronic physical and toxicological effects. Moreover, microplastics are the support for a lot of chemicals present in aquatic environment, especially hydrophobic substances. The aims of this study is to investigate toxicity of environmental microplastics samples collected during the Race for Water Odyssey in fish cell lines. A difference of sensitivity was observed between fish cell lines. Preliminary results obtained here support that RTLW-1 could be an interesting tool to evaluate the potential chemical toxicity of microplastics and sorbed pollutants. Toxicity of extracts from MP collected worldwide suggests a biological impact?
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Toxicity assessment of pollutants sorbed on environmental sample microplastics collected on beaches: Part I-adverse effects on fish cell line
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Environmental microplastics from Pacific island beaches were tested on rainbow trout liver cells (RTLW-1), with MPs from all three island locations causing cytotoxicity and inducing metabolic enzyme activity, while virgin MPs showed no significant effects. The study demonstrates that contaminant loading on beach-collected microplastics drives cell-level toxicity beyond the physical plastic particle effects alone.
Effects of microplastics on the toxicity of co-existing pollutants to fish: A meta-analysis
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Meta-analysis of 1,380 biological endpoints from 55 studies found that microplastics in co-existing pollutant solutions significantly increased toxicity to fish beyond what the pollutants caused alone, particularly elevating immune system damage, metabolic disruption, and oxidative stress. The effect depended on fish life stage and microplastic size, but not on pollutant or polymer type.
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Researchers assessed the toxicity of microplastic-sorbed persistent organic pollutants to fish cell lines, measuring cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induction for plastic extracts compared to dissolved contaminants. Contaminants sorbed to microplastic surfaces remained biologically active in cell assays, confirming that ingested plastic can deliver toxic chemical payloads to tissues.
First evidence of in vitro cytotoxic effects of marine microlitter on Merluccius merluccius and Mullus barbatus , two Mediterranean commercial fish species
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Researchers collected actual marine litter (not lab-made microplastics) from the Northern Adriatic Sea and tested its toxicity on cells from two commercially caught fish species. Real marine microlitter caused significant cell damage and inflammation, including effects not seen with pristine lab-grade microplastics. This suggests that studies using only clean, standardized plastic particles may underestimate the true toxicity of environmental microplastics.
Microplastic testing in vitro: Realistic loading of pollutants, surfactant-free solid surface-dosing and bioanalytical detection using a sensitivity-optimized EROD assay
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Researchers developed an in vitro protocol to load microplastic particles with lipophilic pollutants via solid-phase extraction and detect pollutant transfer to fish liver cells using a sensitive enzyme induction assay, demonstrating that microplastics can act as vectors delivering bioavailable contaminants even at environmentally realistic concentrations.
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