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Other Contaminants of Emerging Concern
Summary
This book chapter reviewed nanomaterials, microplastics, and algal toxins as emerging contaminants of concern in water environments, covering their sources, detection methods, and health risks. It frames microplastics within the broader landscape of novel environmental contaminants that water quality management must address.
Recent advances in analytical techniques and instrumentation have permitted the identification of others pollutants of concern that have emerged, such as NMs, microplastics (MPs), and algal toxins. Nanotechnology is recognized as one of the most promising new technologies of the twenty-first century. Two major sources that contribute to the environmental occurrence of NP include the myriad of anthropogenic activities and natural events. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in practically every aspect of human endeavors including but not limited to, industrial or agricultural applications, biomedicine, and PCs and PCPs. Algal toxins are extremely potent neurotoxins or hepatotoxins that are produced from dinoflagellates, diatoms, or cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Generally, metals are found in the environment in amounts that do not cause health threats. These contaminants can also have anthropogenic origins, which often cause the release of a large amount of naturally occurring minerals into the environment.