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Article
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Tier 2
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Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence.
Marine & Wildlife
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Fish, bivalves and polychaeta: microplastics ingestion in Portuguese Coastal waters
Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)
2018
Joana Antunes,
Paula Sobral,
Viren Dhimmer,
João Pequeno,
Filipa Bessa
Summary
This 2016 review synthesized evidence on the effects of marine plastic pollution on organisms across taxa, covering ingestion, entanglement, and chemical contamination pathways. The review identified invertebrates, fish, seabirds, and marine mammals as particularly vulnerable and called for standardized effect thresholds to guide management.