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Osteotoxic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed to microplastics
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Researchers reviewed how microplastics can adsorb toxic heavy metals from their surrounding environment, effectively acting as vehicles that concentrate and transport harmful elements. This sorption behavior increases the potential risk microplastics pose to organisms that ingest them, including humans.
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Microplastics act as vectors for adsorbed chemical contaminants including pesticides, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants, amplifying their transport and bioavailability in aquatic and soil ecosystems. The combined exposure to plastic particles and their chemical cargo poses greater ecotoxicological risks than either contaminant class alone.
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Researchers reviewed how chemical contaminants that bind to microplastics — including pesticides and heavy metals — affect aquatic and soil organisms, finding that microplastics can both concentrate toxins and amplify their biological impact. This so-called Trojan horse effect may make microplastic pollution more ecologically harmful than the plastic alone would suggest.
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This comprehensive review synthesizes recent evidence showing that micro- and nanoplastics accumulate in multiple human organs and examines the biological pathways by which these particles could potentially promote cancer development. As plastic particles are now confirmed inside human tissues, understanding their carcinogenic potential has become one of the most urgent questions in environmental health research.
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Microplastics function as vectors for toxic chemicals — including persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals — adsorbing and concentrating these compounds before being ingested by organisms, which elevates bioavailability and toxicological risk beyond the particles themselves. This chemical hitchhiker effect means microplastic ingestion exposes organisms, including humans, to a broader and more potent cocktail of contaminants than particle size alone would suggest.
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