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Article
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Tier 2
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Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence.
Environmental Sources
Human Health Effects
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Potential planetary health impacts of the airborne plastisphere
One Earth
2025
4 citations
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Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Score: 58
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0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Matthias C. Rillig
Annika Jahnke,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Lei Wang,
Dong Zhu,
Michael S. Bank,
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Steve Allen,
Steve Allen,
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Janice Brahney,
Annika Jahnke,
Melanie Bergmann,
Dong Zhu,
Melanie Bergmann,
Steve Allen,
Annika Jahnke,
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Jie Wang,
Jie Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Jie Wang,
Jie Wang,
Melanie Bergmann,
Dong Zhu,
Ling Jin,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Jie Wang,
Dong Zhu,
Melanie Bergmann,
Steve Allen,
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Guibing Zhu,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Lei Wang,
Jie Wang,
Jie Wang,
Melanie Bergmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Jie Wang,
Jie Wang,
Melanie Bergmann,
Steve Allen,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Annika Jahnke,
Melanie Bergmann,
Steve Allen,
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Jian Liu,
Melanie Bergmann,
Jie Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Michael S. Bank,
Melanie Bergmann,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Annika Jahnke,
Changchao Li,
Melanie Bergmann,
Changchao Li,
Changchao Li,
Melanie Bergmann,
Steve Allen,
Janice Brahney,
Michael S. Bank,
Melanie Bergmann,
Jian Liu,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Changchao Li,
Tingting Zhao,
Melanie Bergmann,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Jian Liu,
Matthias C. Rillig
Changchao Li,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Lei Wang,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Janice Brahney,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Steve Allen,
Dong Zhu,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Dong Zhu,
Janice Brahney,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Janice Brahney,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Jie Wang,
Xiaofei Wang,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Changchao Li,
Melanie Bergmann,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Changchao Li,
Annika Jahnke,
Changchao Li,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Steve Allen,
Steve Allen,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Michael S. Bank,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Michael S. Bank,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Steve Allen,
Michael S. Bank,
Ling Jin,
Melanie Bergmann,
Ling Jin,
Jie Wang,
Lei Wang,
Melanie Bergmann,
Lei Wang,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Ling Jin,
Matthias C. Rillig
Annika Jahnke,
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Jian Liu,
Annika Jahnke,
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Jie Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Dong Zhu,
Janice Brahney,
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Lei Wang,
Michael S. Bank,
Annika Jahnke,
Dong Zhu,
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Michael S. Bank,
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Michael S. Bank,
Dong Zhu,
Steve Allen,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Janice Brahney,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Lei Wang,
Annika Jahnke,
Michael S. Bank,
Michael S. Bank,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Annika Jahnke,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Jian Liu,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Steve Allen,
Matthias C. Rillig
Changchao Li,
Janice Brahney,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Steve Allen,
Changchao Li,
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Jie Wang,
Xiaofei Wang,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Melanie Bergmann,
Annika Jahnke,
Melanie Bergmann,
Dong Zhu,
Steve Allen,
Chunlan Fan,
Chunlan Fan,
Jie Wang,
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Jie Wang,
Melanie Bergmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Changchao Li,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Janice Brahney,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Janice Brahney,
Michael S. Bank,
Dong Zhu,
Michael S. Bank,
Michael S. Bank,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Michael S. Bank,
Jian Liu,
Annika Jahnke,
Michael S. Bank,
Jian Liu,
Jian Liu,
Lei Wang,
Jie Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Jie Wang,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Steve Allen,
Jie Wang,
Jian Liu,
Michael R. Gillings,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Michael R. Gillings,
Melanie Bergmann,
Jie Wang,
Lei Wang,
Jie Wang,
Jie Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Steve Allen,
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Melanie Bergmann,
Jie Wang,
Lei Wang,
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Changchao Li,
Jie Wang,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Steve Allen,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Melanie Bergmann,
Dong Zhu,
Daizhou Zhang,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Dong Zhu,
Xiaofei Wang,
Janice Brahney,
Janice Brahney,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Janice Brahney,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Dong Zhu,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Janice Brahney,
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Jie Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Michael S. Bank,
Jie Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Michael S. Bank,
Melanie Bergmann,
Annika Jahnke,
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Annika Jahnke,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Jie Wang,
Dong Zhu,
Annika Jahnke,
Lei Wang,
Tingting Zhao,
Jian Liu,
Annika Jahnke,
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Annika Jahnke,
Dong Zhu,
Steve Allen,
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Changchao Li,
Steve Allen,
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Matthias C. Rillig
Jie Wang,
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Annika Jahnke,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Jie Wang,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Annika Jahnke,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Xiaofei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Annika Jahnke,
Steve Allen,
Michael S. Bank,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Lei Wang,
Annika Jahnke,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Annika Jahnke,
Janice Brahney,
Jie Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Jie Wang,
Michael S. Bank,
Michael S. Bank,
Michael S. Bank,
Annika Jahnke,
Annika Jahnke,
Daizhou Zhang,
Changchao Li,
Changchao Li,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Steve Allen,
Steve Allen,
Ling Jin,
Michael R. Gillings,
Michael R. Gillings,
Yong Han,
Yong Han,
Meng Gao,
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Jie Wang,
Jie Wang,
Jie Wang,
Jie Wang,
Jian Liu,
Jian Liu,
Jian Liu,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Changchao Li,
Matthias C. Rillig
Annika Jahnke,
Matthias C. Rillig
Dong Zhu,
Matthias C. Rillig
Jie Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Xiaofei Wang,
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Michael S. Bank,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Xiaofei Wang,
Jie Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Melanie Bergmann,
Jie Wang,
Lei Wang,
Changchao Li,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Jian Liu,
T. Chen,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Jie Wang,
Jie Wang,
Lei Wang,
Tingting Zhao,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Jie Wang,
Jie Wang,
Ling Jin,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Meng Gao,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Lei Wang,
Annika Jahnke,
Annika Jahnke,
Meng Gao,
Lei Wang,
Dong Zhu,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Jie Wang,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Jie Wang,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Matthias C. Rillig
Michael S. Bank,
Daizhou Zhang,
Changchao Li,
Matthias C. Rillig
Changchao Li,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Annika Jahnke,
Annika Jahnke,
Annika Jahnke,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Dong Zhu,
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Dong Zhu,
Lei Wang,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Annika Jahnke,
Matthias C. Rillig
Annika Jahnke,
Changchao Li,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Melanie Bergmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Lei Wang,
Dong Zhu,
Daizhou Zhang,
Steve Allen,
Annika Jahnke,
Matthias C. Rillig
Changchao Li,
Annika Jahnke,
Qing‐Lin Chen,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Xiaofei Wang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Matthias C. Rillig
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Annika Jahnke,
Lei Wang,
Annika Jahnke,
Guibing Zhu,
Steve Allen,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Steve Allen,
Jie Wang,
Jie Wang,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Matthias C. Rillig
Melanie Bergmann,
Lei Wang,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Dong Zhu,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Jian Liu,
Jie Wang,
Jian Liu,
Ling Jin,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Qishen Huang,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Matthias C. Rillig
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Lei Wang,
Xian-Zheng Yuan,
Annika Jahnke,
Annika Jahnke,
Annika Jahnke,
Xiaofei Wang,
Daizhou Zhang,
Annika Jahnke,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Janice Brahney,
Steve Allen,
Hans Peter H. Arp,
Sonja Oberbeckmann,
Melanie Bergmann,
Stephen B. Pointing,
Daizhou Zhang,
Matthias C. Rillig
Matthias C. Rillig
Summary
Researchers reviewed emerging evidence that airborne microplastics can carry and transport living microorganisms — including potential pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria — across long distances through the atmosphere, identifying this as an overlooked global health threat that bridges pollution and infectious disease.
Plastics interact with microorganisms in ways that can profoundly affect ecosystems and human health. Despite their global atmospheric presence, microplastic-microbe interactions in air and their planetary health ramifications remain poorly understood. In this review, by synthesizing emerging evidence, we show that airborne microplastics could carry and sustain microorganisms over long distances and timescales, potentially dispersing pathogens, antibiotic-resistance genes, and other bioactive agents across ecosystems—highlighting an overlooked, multisector planetary health threat and research agenda.
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