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Fulmar Litter EcoQO monitoring in the Netherlands : Update 2017
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Long-term monitoring of plastic in the stomachs of Northern Fulmars in the Netherlands tracks marine plastic pollution trends over decades. Fulmar stomach contents are used as an official ecological quality indicator for North Sea plastic pollution, providing one of the longest running microplastic time series available.
Fulmar Litter EcoQO monitoring in the Netherlands -Update 2017Marine debris has serious economic and ecological consequences.Economic impacts are most severe for coastal communities, tourism, shipping and fisheries.Marine wildlife suffers from entanglement and ingestion of debris, with microparticles potentially affecting marine food chains up to the level of human consumers.In the North Sea, marine litter problems were firmly recognized in 2002 when surrounding states assigned to OSPAR the task to include marine plastic litter in its system of Ecological Quality Objectives (EcoQOs) (North Sea Ministerial Conference 2002).At that time, in the Netherlands, marine litter was already monitored by the abundance of plastic debris in stomachs of a seabird species, the Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis).Fulmars are purely offshore foragers that ingest all sorts of litter from the sea surface and normally do not regurgitate poorly degradable diet components like plastics.Initial size of ingested debris is
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Fulmar Litter EcoQO monitoring in the Netherlands : update 2016
AI summary Read the abstract
This report updated the Fulmar Litter EcoQO monitoring program in the Netherlands through 2016, using the plastic stomach contents of Northern Fulmars as indicators of marine litter levels in the North Sea. The seabird-based monitoring approach provides a long-term, ecologically meaningful measure of marine plastic pollution in European waters.
Fulmar litter monitoring in the Netherlands : Update 2021
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This monitoring update reports fulmar stomach content data from the Netherlands through 2021, tracking plastic ingestion rates in northern fulmars as a standardized indicator of marine litter levels in the North Sea, with microplastic fragments remaining a dominant component of ingested debris.
Fulmar Litter Monitoring in the Netherlands - update 2022
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This report provides an updated 2022 assessment of plastic litter ingested by northern fulmars — seabirds used as indicators of marine plastic pollution — found beached in the Netherlands. While the long-term trend shows gradual improvement, current levels remain well above the target set for a healthy North Sea.
Fulmar Litter EcoQO Monitoring in the Netherlands 1979 - 2007 in relation to EU Directive 2000/59/EC on Port Reception Facilities
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This long-term monitoring study used plastic abundance in Northern Fulmar stomach contents as an ecological quality indicator for marine litter in the southern North Sea from 1979 to 2007. Fulmars, as oceanic foragers that accumulate ingested litter over weeks, provide an integrated measure of marine litter levels, supporting the OSPAR Ecological Quality Objective framework under EU Directive 2000/59/EC.
Fulmar Litter EcoQO monitoring along Durch and North Sea coasts
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This report presents Dutch and North Sea-wide monitoring data on plastic abundance in Northern Fulmar stomachs up to 2009, tracking the effectiveness of EU Directive on Port Reception Facilities. The EcoQO monitoring program, developed as an OSPAR Ecological Quality Objective, uses fulmar stomach contents as a long-term indicator of plastic litter in the North Sea.
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