Environmental Impacts by Fragments Released from Nanoenabled Products: A Multiassay, Multimaterial Exploration by the SUN Approach
Environmental Science & Technology2018
44 citations
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Score: 45
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Mónica J.B. Amorim,
Mónica J.B. Amorim,
Wendel Wohlleben
Janeck J. Scott‐Fordsmand,
Frank von der Kammer,
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
Andrea Brunelli,
Danail Hristozov,
Andrea Brunelli,
Andreas Gondikas,
Kerstin Hund‐Rinke,
Kerstin Hund‐Rinke,
Mónica J.B. Amorim,
Elena Badetti,
Elena Badetti,
Sijie Lin,
Wendel Wohlleben
Frank von der Kammer,
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
Janeck J. Scott‐Fordsmand,
Janeck J. Scott‐Fordsmand,
José M. Navas,
Andreas Gondikas,
Frank von der Kammer,
Mónica J.B. Amorim,
Mónica J.B. Amorim,
Mónica J.B. Amorim,
Sijie Lin,
Wendel Wohlleben
Mónica J.B. Amorim,
Mónica J.B. Amorim,
Wendel Wohlleben
Kerstin Hund‐Rinke,
Kerstin Hund‐Rinke,
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
Karsten Schlich,
Karsten Schlich,
Karsten Schlich,
Sijie Lin,
Frank von der Kammer,
Wendel Wohlleben
Andrea Brunelli,
Sijie Lin,
José M. Navas,
Wendel Wohlleben
Frank von der Kammer,
Frank von der Kammer,
Frank von der Kammer,
Frank von der Kammer,
Sijie Lin,
Andrea Brunelli,
Karsten Schlich,
Mónica J.B. Amorim,
Janeck J. Scott‐Fordsmand,
Andrea Brunelli,
Anna Luisa Costa,
Sijie Lin,
Mónica J.B. Amorim,
Mónica J.B. Amorim,
Wendel Wohlleben
Andreas Gondikas,
Andreas Gondikas,
Mónica J.B. Amorim,
Andreas Gondikas,
Wendel Wohlleben
Sijie Lin,
Anna Luisa Costa,
Nicole Neubauer,
Nicole Neubauer,
Antonio Marcomini,
Antonio Marcomini,
Kerstin Hund‐Rinke,
Frank von der Kammer,
Wendel Wohlleben
Sijie Lin,
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
K. Vilsmeier,
K. Vilsmeier,
Wendel Wohlleben
K. Vilsmeier,
K. Vilsmeier,
Sijie Lin,
Andreas Gondikas,
Anna Luisa Costa,
Elena Badetti,
Elena Badetti,
Wendel Wohlleben
Sijie Lin,
Karsten Schlich,
Anna Luisa Costa,
Wendel Wohlleben
Anna Luisa Costa,
Anna Luisa Costa,
Anna Luisa Costa,
Wendel Wohlleben
Anna Luisa Costa,
Wendel Wohlleben
Janeck J. Scott‐Fordsmand,
Danail Hristozov,
Wendel Wohlleben
Andreas Gondikas,
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
Antonio Marcomini,
Wendel Wohlleben
Tian Xia,
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
Liliana Galbis,
Kerstin Hund‐Rinke,
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
José M. Navas,
Wendel Wohlleben
Liliana Galbis,
Wendel Wohlleben
José M. Navas,
Elena Badetti,
Kerstin Hund‐Rinke,
Antonio Marcomini,
Danail Hristozov,
Wendel Wohlleben
Frank von der Kammer,
Frank von der Kammer,
Frank von der Kammer,
Frank von der Kammer,
Frank von der Kammer,
Kerstin Hund‐Rinke,
Janeck J. Scott‐Fordsmand,
Frank von der Kammer,
André E. Nel,
Antonio Marcomini,
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
Wendel Wohlleben
Summary
This study tested whether fragments released from nano-enabled products — materials containing engineered nanoparticles — caused environmental harm, finding that fragment effects were generally lower than those of the embedded nanomaterials alone. The results are relevant to assessing whether degradation of nanomaterial-containing consumer products generates hazardous micro- and nanoscale debris.
Nanoenabled products (NEPs) have numerous outdoor uses in construction, transportation or consumer scenarios, and there is evidence that their fragments are released in the environment at low rates. We hypothesized that the lower surface availability of NEPs fragment reduced their environmental effects with respect to pristine nanomaterials. This hypothesis was explored by testing fragments generated by intentional micronisation ("the SUN approach"; Nowack et al. Meeting the Needs for Released Nanomaterials Required for Further Testing: The SUN Approach. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016 (50), 2747). The NEPs were composed of four matrices (epoxy, polyolefin, polyoxymethylene, and cement) with up to 5% content of three nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, iron oxide, and organic pigment). Regardless of the type of nanomaterial or matrix used, it was observed that nanomaterials were only partially exposed at the NEP fragment surface, indicating that mostly the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of the matrix drove the NEP fragment toxicity. Ecotoxicity in multiple assays was done covering relevant media from terrestrial to aquatic, including sewage treatment plant (biological activity), soil worms (Enchytraeus crypticus), and fish (zebrafish embryo and larvae and trout cell lines). We designed the studies to explore the possible modulation of ecotoxicity by nanomaterial additives in plastics/polymer/cement, finding none. The results support NEPs grouping by the matrix material regarding ecotoxicological effect during the use phase. Furthermore, control results on nanomaterial-free polymer fragments representing microplastic had no significant adverse effects up to the highest concentration tested.