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Revealing the hidden environmental risks: A two-step sequential extraction of mobile and immobile (mineral-bound) microplastics in coral reef sediments

Environmental Research 2025 Score: 38 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Cheng‐Di Dong Chang‐Mao Hung, Chang‐Mao Hung, Kent Naiah D. Araña, Noralyn G. Dimaongon, Noralyn G. Dimaongon, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Noralyn G. Dimaongon, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Noralyn G. Dimaongon, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Noralyn G. Dimaongon, Kent Naiah D. Araña, Kent Naiah D. Araña, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Noralyn G. Dimaongon, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Cheng‐Di Dong Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chang‐Mao Hung, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chien-Er Huang, Cheng‐Di Dong Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chang‐Mao Hung, Cheng‐Di Dong Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Cheng‐Di Dong Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Cheng‐Di Dong Chiu‐Wen Chen, Cheng‐Di Dong Cheng‐Di Dong Cheng‐Di Dong Chien-Er Huang, Cheng‐Di Dong Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Chiu‐Wen Chen, Cheng‐Di Dong Chiu‐Wen Chen, Cheng‐Di Dong Cheng‐Di Dong Chien-Er Huang, Cheng‐Di Dong Cheng‐Di Dong Cheng‐Di Dong Cheng‐Di Dong Cheng‐Di Dong Cheng‐Di Dong

Summary

Researchers applied a two-step sequential extraction protocol -- using hydrogen peroxide to isolate mobile microplastics and hydrochloric acid to dissolve carbonates and release mineral-bound immobile microplastics -- to coral reef sediments in the Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan, revealing hidden pools of trapped microplastics missed by standard single-step methods.

Polymers

Study Type Environmental

Despite increasing attention on microplastics (MPs) in marine environments, their entrapment within biogenic reef sediments remains understudied. This study applies a dual-fraction pretreatment method to quantify mobile MPs (MMPs) and immobile MPs (IMPs) in carbonate-rich sediments. Sediment samples were sequentially treated with hydrogen peroxide to digest organic matter and isolate MMPs, followed by hydrochloric acid to dissolve inorganic carbonates and release IMPs. Seasonal monitoring of coral reef sediments in Penghu Archipelago, Taiwan, revealed MMP abundances ranging from 23 ± 16 to 153 ± 46 MP/kg, while IMPs ranged from 20 ± 9 to 73 ± 20 MP/kg. MMPs exhibited higher diversity (MPDII = 0.55), predominantly fibrous in shape, <1 mm in size, and a broader spectrum of synthetic polymers (e.g., polypropylene, polyester). IMPs showed lower diversity (MPDII = 0.42) and selective retention of polymers such as rayon and cellulose (together ∼48 %). Conventional indices (CF, PLI, PRI, PERI) identified MMPs as higher-risks, but underestimated IMP risks. IMPs may persist as a chronically stable yet potentially mobilizable pool in carbonate-rich sediments through mineral embedding and environmental disturbances. These findings highlight the need for bioavailability-aware refinements to ecological risk assessments. This study provides the first seasonal monitoring of dual-fraction partitioning of MPs in reef sediments, offering new insights into their long-term fate and behaviour.

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