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Article
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Tier 2
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Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence.
Nanoplastics
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Polymer science for an overall study of micro and nanoplastic hazards: Sources, fate and effects
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)
2018
Stéphanie Reynaud,
Bruno Grassl,
Hind El-Hadri,
Julien Gigault
Summary
This review applied polymer science principles to comprehensively examine the hazards of micro- and nanoplastics, covering their sources, fate in the environment, and biological effects across marine and terrestrial systems. The polymer-science framing helps explain how plastic particle properties such as size, shape, and surface chemistry govern environmental behavior.
International audience