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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Marine & Wildlife Sign in to save

Marine microplastic: Preparation of relevant test materials for laboratory assessment of ecosystem impacts

Chemosphere 2018 116 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 40 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Susanne Kühn, Susanne Kühn, Albert van Oyen, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, Susanne Kühn, J.A. van Franeker, Albert van Oyen, Susanne Kühn, Susanne Kühn, Andy M. Booth Susanne Kühn, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Susanne Kühn, Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, Susanne Kühn, Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, Andy M. Booth Susanne Kühn, Susanne Kühn, Susanne Kühn, Susanne Kühn, Susanne Kühn, Susanne Kühn, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Albert van Oyen, Albert van Oyen, A. Meijboom, A. Meijboom, A. Meijboom, Albert van Oyen, Albert van Oyen, A. Meijboom, A. Meijboom, A. Meijboom, A. Meijboom, A. Meijboom, Susanne Kühn, Susanne Kühn, Susanne Kühn, Susanne Kühn, Andy M. Booth Susanne Kühn, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Susanne Kühn, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Susanne Kühn, A. Meijboom, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, Andy M. Booth Susanne Kühn, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, Susanne Kühn, A. Meijboom, A. Meijboom, Albert van Oyen, A. Meijboom, A. Meijboom, A. Meijboom, Albert van Oyen, Albert van Oyen, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Albert van Oyen, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Susanne Kühn, Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, Andy M. Booth Albert van Oyen, Albert van Oyen, Susanne Kühn, A. Meijboom, Susanne Kühn, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, Susanne Kühn, J.A. van Franeker, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, Susanne Kühn, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, Susanne Kühn, Andy M. Booth Susanne Kühn, J.A. van Franeker, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Albert van Oyen, Albert van Oyen, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, A. Meijboom, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Susanne Kühn, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, J.A. van Franeker, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Susanne Kühn, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth J.A. van Franeker, Albert van Oyen, Albert van Oyen, Andy M. Booth Andy M. Booth

Summary

Researchers developed methods to prepare environmentally realistic marine microplastic test materials from weathered plastic litter for laboratory ecotoxicology studies, addressing the limitation that most prior research used pristine, homogeneous plastics that do not reflect real-world microplastic complexity.

Study Type Environmental

Studies investigating the effects of plastic litter on marine biota have almost exclusively utilised pristine plastic materials that are homogeneous in polymer type, size, shape and chemical composition. This is particularly the case for microplastics (<5 mm), where collecting sufficient quantities from the marine environment for use in laboratory impacts studies is simply not feasible. Weathered plastics collected from the marine environment show considerable physical and chemical differences to pristine and post-production consumer plastics. For this study, macroplastic litter was collected on a Dutch beach and cryo-milled to create a microplastic mixture for environmental impact assessments. The sample composition followed proportions of marine plastic litter types observed in an earlier large beach clean-up. Polymer composition of the sample was assessed by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC). The particle size distribution of the cryo-milled microplastics showed that particles 0.5-2.0 mm represented 68% of mass, but smaller sizes (<2 mm) strongly dominated numerically. Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-MS and ICP-OES) analysis of the microplastic mixture revealed a broad range of metals and other elements (e.g. Al, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mg, Pb, S and Zn), representing common inorganic additives used as colorants, fillers and stabilisers. GC-MS analysis identified a broad range of organic plasticisers, stabilisers, antioxidants and flame retardants. Comparison of different analytical approaches showed that creation of a homogeneous microplastic mixture is possible, representing a first step in closing the gap between laboratory studies with pristine materials and realistic scenarios with weathered microplastic.

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