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Meta Analysis ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 1 ? Systematic review or meta-analysis. Synthesizes findings across many studies. Strongest evidence. Sign in to save

The never-ending story of dangerous ubiquitous particles: A meta-analysis of microplastics

The Science of The Total Environment 2025 Score: 48 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Carlos Pacheco, José Cusba, Karen Ibarra-Gutiérrez, Juan F. Saldarriaga-Vélez, Paola Obando-Madera, Luisa Fernanda Espinosa

Summary

This meta-analysis of 93 studies and 1,542 data points found that microplastic contamination is pervasive across marine, freshwater, and estuarine environments, with fibers (42%) and fragments (37%) dominating globally. The type of environment was the strongest predictor of microplastic prevalence, underscoring that freshwater and estuarine systems deserve more research attention alongside marine settings.

Study Type Review

Globally, most studies on microplastic (MP) contamination have focused on marine environments, while freshwater and estuarine environments have received little attention, overlooking the connectivity between these systems and the influence of the continent on the marine zone. This study evaluates the abundance and distribution of MP in marine water, estuarine water, freshwater, beach sand, marine sediment, estuarine sediment, and riverine sediment. Through a systematic review of 93 publications comprising 1542 data points, the proportion of MP was assessed, and a meta-analysis of proportions was conducted to determine the global prevalence of MP. The meta-analysis revealed that filaments (42 %) and fragments (37 %) were the dominant types across all environments. A random-effects model was used to assess the proportion of MP in each study, as well as the overall proportion. The effect size was P = .16 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.17), with high heterogeneity (Q = 160,759.82, df = 1541, p < .001; I = 99.04%). Mixed-effect models were used to assess the influence of moderator (country, environment, and region) on the prevalence of MP types. The analysis revealed that all moderators contributed to significant differences between MP types, with high heterogeneity (≥ 99 %). The most relevant finding of this study was that the best moderator, according to the AIC criterion (Q = 3.02, df = 6, p = .81, I = 99.04%), was the environment, indicating that this moderator has the strongest influence on the prevalence of MP.

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