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Nanoplastics - A Potential Threat To Human Health?

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This thesis examined the inflammatory properties of nanoplastics in the context of both nanomedicine development and understanding health risks from nanomaterial waste. It evaluated whether nanoplastics could trigger immune responses in human cells, which is a key concern given increasing exposure through food and air.

Polymers
Body Systems
Study Type In vivo

Den økende bruken av nanomaterialer i alt fra forbruksprodukter til medisiner har ført til en økende offentlig interesse for hvilke følger eksponeringen kan ha for mennesker og helse. Det å forstå hvilke inflammatoriske egenskaper disse nye materialene har, er både et viktig steg i utviklingen av nanomedisiner og for å hindre negative helseeekter fra avfallsprodukter i nanostørrelse. Denne oppgaven brukes en ex vivo menneskelig fullblodmodell til å kartlegge inflammatoriske responser indusert av polyvinylklorid (PVC) nanoplast og to potensielle nanomedisiner. Fordelen med fullblodmodellen er at den gir en unik mulighet til å studere de medfødte immunresponsene i en kompleks modell der alle blodcellene og de molekylære prosessene og kaskadene kan kommunisere med hverandre slik de gjør in vivo. Inflammasjonsresponser indusert av PVC nanoplast har ikke blitt undersøkt tidligere i en fullblodmodell. Nanoplasten aktiverte komplementsystemet og induserte produksjon av de proinflammatoriske cytokinene IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 og TNF-alfa. Ved å anvende komplementhemmeren Compstatin (Cp40) som hemmer på C3-nivå, ble det påvist at cytokinproduksjonen er sterkt avhengig av komplementaktiveringen. Resultatene viser også en tydelig doserespons i tillegg til at det ble påvist høy dødelighet i monocytter i blodet. Den sterke aktiveringen av proinflammatoriske responser og den høye dødeligheten hos monocytter gjør at man kan konkludere med at PVC nanoplast potensielt kan være helseskadelig ved eksponering i blod. Nanogelene aktiverte ikke komplement eller induserte produksjon av cytokiner. Celleviabiliteten ble også opprettholdt etter fire timers eksponering. Videre undersøkelser av biokompatibilitet bør gjøres for å utvikle disse partiklene videre som potensiell nanomedisin.

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