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The interactions between micro polyvinyl chloride (mPVC) and marine dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi: The inhibition of growth, chlorophyll and photosynthetic efficiency

Environmental Pollution 2019 167 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 55 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Ting Zhao, Wenqiu Huang, Ting Zhao, Wenqiu Huang, Ting Zhao, Ting Zhao, Liju Tan, Liju Tan, Liju Tan, Liju Tan, Liju Tan, Liju Tan, Liju Tan, Liju Tan, Liju Tan, Ting Zhao, Wenqiu Huang, Liju Tan, Jiangtao Wang Liju Tan, Jiangtao Wang Jiangtao Wang Ting Zhao, Wenqiu Huang, Liju Tan, Liju Tan, Liju Tan, Jiangtao Wang Jiangtao Wang Jiangtao Wang Jiangtao Wang Jiangtao Wang Jiangtao Wang Jiangtao Wang Liju Tan, Jiangtao Wang Jiangtao Wang Jiangtao Wang Jiangtao Wang

Summary

Researchers exposed the harmful dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi to PVC microplastics at concentrations up to 100 mg/L and found dose-dependent reductions in algal growth, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that microplastic beads physically wrapped around the algal cells, contributing to growth inhibition through physical blockage and aggregation. The study demonstrates that microplastic pollution could influence the dynamics of harmful algal bloom species in marine ecosystems.

Polymers

PVC

Microplastics pose a great threat to entire marine ecosystems, but little is known about their impacts on phytoplankton, especially for the harmful dinoflagellates. In this study, effects of micro polyvinyl chloride (mPVC) on the growth, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi at different periods (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h) were assessed using gradient concentrations (0, 5, 25, 50 and 100 mg L) of mPVC with a size of 1 μm. PVC microplastics had dose-dependent adverse effects on K. mikimotoi growth, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency. The density of algal cell decreased with increasing mPVC concentrations and the highest inhibitory rate (IR) was 45.8% at 24 h under 100 mg L of mPVC. The total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll content in a single algal cell decreased at 96 h and the ФPSⅡ and Fv/Fm decreased 25.3% and 17.1%, respectively. The SEM images provided an intuitive visual method to observe the behaviors and interactions between microplastics and microalgae. It was found from the SEM images that microalgae was wrapped by microplastic beads. The physical blockage and aggregation were also responsible for the cytotoxicity of K. mikimotoi. Our study clarified that PVC microplastics can reduce algal growth, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency, and it is beneficial to evaluate the possible impact of plastics on aquatic ecosystems.

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