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Characterization of microplastics from beach sediment
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This Croatian thesis characterized microplastic particles from five common plastic types (PET, HDPE, LDPE, PS, PP) degraded from seven types of packaging, using FTIR spectroscopy for polymer identification. The work contributes to developing standardized methods for identifying and characterizing microplastic pollution from consumer packaging materials.
Mikroplastika, čestice manje od 5 mm, predstavlja sve veći izvor onečišćenja u svijetu, a zbog svojih malih dimenzija teško ju je analizirati i ukloniti. Procjenjuje se da prosječno osam milijuna tona plastike godišnje završi u oceanima i morima. Djelovanjem valova i morskih struja, mikroplastika koja pluta u morskom stupcu, može dospjeti do morskih plaža gdje se nakuplja, a zbog obraštanja, čime postaje teža od vode, velik dio završi i u sedimentu. U ovome radu ispitivano je 5 vrsta plastike iz 7 različitih ambalaža: polietilen tereftalat (PET), polietilen velike gustoće (HDPE), polietilen male gustoće (LDPE), polistiren (PS), te polipropilen (PP). Rad daje pregled spektara, identifikaciju plastičnih ambalaža te izradu baze podataka. U radu se potvrđuje mogućnost upotrebe nove predložene i opisane metode separacije čestica mikroplastike iz sedimenta pomoću natrijevog polivolframata (SPT; Sodium polytungstat). Natrijev polivolframat je teška tekućina koja se koristi za odvajanje materijala različite gustoće pomoću njihovog uzgona, najčešće kod izdvajanja teških minerala. Svojstvo SPT-a u odnosu na slične tekućine koje se upotrebljavaju kod izdvajanja mikroplastike je njegova netoksičnost, čime bi se mogao smanjiti negativan utjecaj na okoliš. U radu se predlaže i opisuje analiza malih čestica mikroplastike, koje se ne mogu snimati ATR metodom zbog svojih dimenzija, pomoću KBr tableta. Tri od sedam snimanja nisu dala zadovoljavajuće rezultate te se ova metoda, bez dodatnog istraživanja i modifikacije, ne može koristiti za analizu mikroplastike.
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