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Microplastic pollution in streams spanning an urbanisation gradient
Summary
Researchers sampled microplastics in small streams across an urbanization gradient and found contamination at all sites, with concentrations comparable to those in larger rivers and lakes. Fragments and small particles between 63 and 500 micrometers were the most common forms detected. Surprisingly, catchment-scale factors like population density and stormwater overflows did not predict microplastic levels well, suggesting that local-scale sources may be more important for pollution in small streams.
Microplastic pollution has received considerable attention in marine systems, but recent work shows substantial plastic pollution also occurs in freshwater ecosystems. Most freshwater research has focused on large rivers and lakes, but small streams are the primary interface between land, where plastic is used, and drainage networks. We examined variation in the amount and form of plastic occurring in small streams spanning an urbanisation gradient. All streams contained microplastics with concentrations similar to that found in larger systems (up to 303 particles m in water and 80 particles kg in sediment). The most abundant types were fragments and small particles (63-500 μm). Chemical types of plastic were quite variable and often not predictable based on size, form and colour. Variation in microplastic abundance across streams was high, but only partially explained by catchment scale parameters. There was no relationship between human population density or combined stormwater overflows and microplastic abundance. Residential land cover was related to microplastic abundance, but explanatory power was low. Our results suggest local-scale factors may be more important than catchment-scale processes in determining microplastic pollution in small streams.
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