Mediated food and hydrodynamics on the ingestion of microplastics by Daphnia magna

There is consensus on the need to study the potential impact microplastics (MP) have on freshwater planktonic organisms. It is not yet fully understood how MP enter the aquatic food web or the effect they have on all the trophic levels. As a result of the potential for MP to accumulate throughout food webs, there is increasing interest in evaluating their fate in a variety of environmental conditions. This study investigated the variability in the ingestion of MP to food ratios and the exposed time of MP to Daphnia magna in non-sheared and sheared conditions. The sheared environment provided Daphnia magna with the conditions for optimal filtering capacity. Regardless of the ratios of MP concentration to food concentration (MP:Food), the filtration capacity of the Daphnia magna was enhanced in the sheared experiments. In both the sheared and non-sheared experiments, filtration capacity decreased when the ratios of MP to food concentration and the exposure times to MP were increased. Mortality was mainly enhanced in the non-sheared conditions at higher MP concentrations and exposure times to MP. No mortality was found in the sheared conditions for the exposure times studied. Therefore, in aquatic systems that undergo constant low sheared conditions, Daphnia magna can survive longer when exposed to MP than in calm conditions, provided food concentrations do not limit their capacity to filter.