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Microplastics in human body: accumulation, natural clearance, and biomedical detoxification strategies

Biomedical Engineering Letters 2025 Score: 48 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Yeongbeom Hong, Yeongbeom Hong, Samuel Ken‐En Gan Yeongbeom Hong, Yeongbeom Hong, Samuel Ken‐En Gan Bong Sup Shim, Bong Sup Shim, Samuel Ken‐En Gan Samuel Ken‐En Gan Samuel Ken‐En Gan

Summary

This review summarises how microplastics enter and accumulate in the human body through air, water, and food, and critically assesses the limited evidence on natural clearance mechanisms including excretion and immune clearance. It also evaluates emerging biomedical strategies—such as chelation-inspired and microbiome-based approaches—for enhancing microplastic removal from tissues.

Microplastics have become ubiquitous in modern environments, entering the human body through multiple pathways, including air, water, and food. Recent evidence shows that microplastics penetrate deep into the human body and accumulate in tissues. Despite escalating exposure to microplastics and growing concerns about potential toxicity, strategies for microplastic clearance from the body have yet to be explored. This review summarizes current knowledge on exposure pathways, distribution, accumulation mechanisms, and health risks of microplastics and critically evaluates natural clearance mechanisms in human and their limitations. Further, we investigate potential biomedical strategies for microplastic clearance and detoxification and synthesize considerations for clinical translation.

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