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Impactos de la contaminación por basura marina en el ecosistema de manglar de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano
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Researchers identified and assessed the negative impacts of marine debris pollution on the mangrove ecosystem of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta in the Colombian Caribbean, documenting observed and potential impacts through field surveys conducted in February 2018.
La basura en el mar está generando impactos negativos en los ecosistemas marinos y comunidades humanas, razón por la cual se considera un problema relevante cuya solución ha sido incluida como meta dentro del Objetivo de desarrollo sostenible n.o 14. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar y valorar los impactos negativos de la contaminación por basura marina en el ecosistema de manglar de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM), Caribe colombiano. Los impactos se identificaron mediante observación in situ (impactos observados), durante salidas de campo realizadas en febrero de 2018 y a partir de la revisión de información secundaria (impactos potenciales). La valoración de la importancia ambiental de los impactos observados se realizó tomando como base la metodología propuesta por Fernández (2010), que considera los criterios de intensidad, extensión, momento, reversibilidad, recuperabilidad, sinergia y acumulación. En total, se identificaron 10 impactos observados en campo y 11 impactos potenciales causados por la basura marina en los manglares de la CGSM. La presencia, la acumulación y la degradación de la basura marina generan impactos moderados, severos y críticos en el manglar de la CGSM. De estos se resaltan, por el peligro potencial, la acumulación de microplásticos en el ambiente, la limitación del establecimiento de propágulos y crecimiento de plántulas, y los cambios físicos en el suelo. Estos resultados servirán para que las autoridades ambientales puedan tomar acciones preventivas y reductivas de este tipo de contaminación y contribuir, significativamente, a la recuperación del manglar y sus servicios ambientales.
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