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Potential toxicity of nanopolystyrene on lifespan and aging process of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
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Researchers chronically exposed C. elegans to nanopolystyrene across their aging lifespan and found that high concentrations shortened lifespan while lower concentrations still impaired locomotion and elevated intestinal reactive oxygen species in older animals, with nanoplastic exposure progressively suppressing immune genes, antioxidant defenses, and mitochondrial stress responses as worms aged.
In the environment, nanoplastic particles, such as nanopolystyrene, potentially cause toxicity on organisms at various aspects. We here employed endpoints of lifespan and aging-related phenotypes to further investigate the possible long-term effects of nanopolystyrene (100 nm) in Caenorhabditis elegans. After exposure from L1-larvae to adult day-3, nanopolystyrene at high concentrations (100 and 1000 μg/L) reduced the lifespan. Although nanopolystyrene (1 or 10 μg/L) did not affect the lifespan, nanopolystyrene (1 or 10 μg/L) could induce the more severe intestinal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decrease in locomotion behavior during the aging process compared with control. Moreover, nanopolystyrene exposure could cause the severe decrease in expressions of some immune response genes, hsp-6 gene, and genes encoding manganese-superoxide dismutases (Mn-SODs) during aging process, suggesting the severe suppression in innate immune response, inhibition in antioxidation defense system, and suppression in mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mt UPR) by nanopolystyrene. Our results highlight the potential of long-term nanopolystyrene exposure in reducing longevity and in affecting health state during the aging process in environmental organisms.
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Effect of chronic exposure to nanopolystyrene on nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
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Researchers chronically exposed C. elegans nematodes to nanopolystyrene across their adult lifespan and found that even low concentrations (≥1 µg/L) impaired locomotion and promoted oxidative stress, while also suppressing immune response genes, antioxidant defenses, and mitochondrial stress response pathways, with high concentrations shortening lifespan.
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C. elegans nematodes were chronically exposed to nanopolystyrene particles and found to develop neuronal damage affecting both development and function of the nervous system after long-term exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations. The study provides early evidence that nanoplastics can cause neurological harm in an animal model, raising questions about potential neurotoxicity in other species.
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