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Impacts moléculaires des nanoplastiques combinés à l’arsenic, effets comparés entre des huîtres caribéennes (Isognomon alatus) et canadiennes (Crassostrea virginica) exposées par voie trophique.
Summary
This French-language thesis investigated the molecular effects of nanoplastics combined with arsenic on two oyster species — Caribbean (Isognomon alatus) and Canadian (Crassostrea virginica). The research found that nanoplastics can increase arsenic bioavailability in filter-feeding bivalves, amplifying heavy metal toxicity through co-exposure.
Compte tenu de la contamination majeure de notre environnement en plastiques, la présence des nanoplastiques (NP) inquiète. Les NP étant capables de traverser les barrières biologiques ils représentent un risque pour les organismes aquatiques. Toutefois leur toxicité est peu connue, notamment en présence d’autres contaminants. En effet, les NP peuvent adsorber des métaux et augmenter leur biodisponibilité pour des organismes filtreurs comme les bivalves. J’ai donc exposé des huîtres caribéennes (Isognomon alatus) et canadiennes (Crassostrea virginica) par voie trophique à des concentrations environnementales de NP (10 et 100 µg L⁻¹). Trois types de NP ont été utilisés pour comparer leur toxicité, seuls ou combinés à l’arsenic présent dans l’eau (1 mg L⁻¹). Les interactions des NP sur la bioaccumulation de l’arsenic ont été évaluées, ainsi que l’expression des gènes dans les branchies et masses viscérales des deux espèces. Nos résultats montrent que les traitements de NP combinés à l’arsenic ont déclenché des effets protecteurs sur le niveau d’expression des gènes chez I. alatus et des effets synergiques chez C. virginica. Cette étude environnementalement pertinente met en avant l’écotoxicité des NP en comparant leurs impacts sur une espèce d’huîtres sauvages et d’élevages. Considering plastics are major contaminations in our environment, the presence of nanoplastics (NPs) raises concern. NPs pose a risk to aquatic organisms as they could cross biological barriers. However little is known about NPs toxicity, particularly in the presence of other contaminants. Indeed, NPs can adsorb metallic contaminants and increase their bioavailability to filter-feeding organisms, such as bivalves. I therefore exposed Caribbean oysters (Isognomon alatus) and Canadian oysters (Crassostrea virginica) by trophic way to NPs at environmental concentrations (10 and 100 µg L⁻¹). Three types of NPs were used to compare their toxicity, alone or in combination with arsenic in the water (1 mg L⁻¹). Interactions of NPs on arsenic bioaccumulation were studied, along with the expression of genes in gills and visceral mass of both species. Our results show that NP treatments combined with arsenic triggered protective effects on gene expression levels in I. alatus and synergetic effects in C. virginica. This is an environmentally relevant study that showcases ecotoxicity of NPs by comparing their impacts on wild and cultured oyster species.
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