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The Current Situation and Future of Marine Microplastics: A Comprehensive Review
Summary
This comprehensive review covers the origins, environmental distribution, ecological impacts, and future trajectories of marine microplastic pollution, noting that concentrations in some regions are projected to double by 2030. It evaluates current cleanup and mitigation efforts and identifies priority research directions.
Microplastic pollution has emerged as a major environmental issue in recent decades. Thompson (2004) introduced the concept of “microplastics” (< 5 mm), a term now widely recognized to describe ubiquitous pollutants formed through the weathering and degradation of larger plastic items. Millions of tons of plastic enter the oceans annually, posing threats to marine ecosystems and human health. Microplastic concentrations in some regions are projected to double by 2030, yet research continues to face methodological and conceptual challenges that hinder the development of effective solutions.
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