Exposure medium and particle ageing moderate the toxicological effects of nanomaterials to Daphnia magna over multiple generations: a case for standard test review?

Summary

This study found that the toxicological effects of engineered nanomaterials on Daphnia magna varied depending on the exposure medium and whether particles had been environmentally aged, with aged particles behaving differently from pristine ones across multiple generations. The findings suggest that standard ecotoxicology test protocols designed for pristine particles may not accurately reflect real-world risks from weathered nanoplastics and nanomaterials.