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Microplastics in the Southern Brazilian estuary: Interactions between environment, morphology, and seasonal variation
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Seasonal Variations in Microplastic Pollution in Beach Sediments along the Eastern Coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
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A survey of 27 beaches along Rio de Janeiro's eastern coast found microplastics on every beach, with winter counts (2,987 particles) nearly five times higher than summer (562 particles), driven by seasonal wind and wave dynamics, with fragments and fibers of polyethylene and polypropylene dominating. The seasonal variation reveals that MP exposure for coastal wildlife and beachgoers fluctuates dramatically with environmental conditions, complicating risk assessments tied to any single sampling window.
Microplastics Beach Pollution: Composition, Quantification and Distribution on the Southern Coast of Brazil
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Researchers quantified microplastic pollution on a southern Brazilian beach, finding an average of 650 MPs/kg of sediment with highest concentrations near the Mampituba River mouth, dominated by polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyamide particles in the 50–100 µm range. The findings confirm that riverine transport is a major pathway delivering microplastics to coastlines, underscoring the need for upstream source control to protect coastal ecosystems.
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Researchers sampled water and sediment across seven sites along the Palar River estuary in southeast India, finding that fiber-shaped high-density polyethylene microplastics dominate, likely originating from fishing gear and industrial discharge. The study establishes a contamination baseline for a multi-source river system, highlighting how riverine environments serve as highways transporting plastic pollution from inland industrial and agricultural sources into coastal marine ecosystems.
First Evidence of High Microplastic Concentrations in Estuarine Litter Windrows of a World Heritage Site: The Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, Brazil
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Surface water sampling across the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Brazil, detected microplastics throughout the system, with estuarine litter windrows acting as accumulation hotspots at nearly ten times the average estuarine concentration. The presence of microplastics at a protected World Heritage site demonstrates that plastic pollution respects no conservation boundaries, and that windrow dynamics are a key driver of MP hotspot formation in transitional coastal ecosystems.
Understanding Microplastic Pollution in Riverbed Sediments: Special Emphasis on a Medium-Sized City in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
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Sediment samples from an urban stream in Rio Claro, Brazil showed microplastic concentrations up to 18,000 units per kilogram — among the highest reported in Brazil — with fibers and tire wear particles as the dominant types, driven by untreated sewage and stormwater runoff. The extreme pollution levels in a mid-sized city highlight that microplastic contamination is not confined to megacities, posing risks to water quality in smaller urban centers.
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