Systematic Review
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AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button.
Tier 1
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Systematic review or meta-analysis. Synthesizes findings across many studies. Strongest evidence.
Food & Water
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Worldwide bottled water occurrence of emerging contaminants: A review of the recent scientific literature
Journal of Hazardous Materials2020
251 citations
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Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Score: 65
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0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Sina Dobaradaran,
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Sina Dobaradaran,
Iraj Nabipour,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Iraj Nabipour,
Iraj Nabipour,
Iraj Nabipour,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Torsten C. Schmidt
Torsten C. Schmidt
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Iraj Nabipour,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Sina Dobaradaran,
Iraj Nabipour,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Jörg Spitz,
Jörg Spitz,
Jörg Spitz,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Jörg Spitz,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Jörg Spitz,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Torsten C. Schmidt
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Torsten C. Schmidt
Torsten C. Schmidt
Torsten C. Schmidt
Sina Dobaradaran,
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Jörg Spitz,
Jörg Spitz,
Iraj Nabipour,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Jörg Spitz,
Jörg Spitz,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Jörg Spitz,
Jörg Spitz,
Jörg Spitz,
Jörg Spitz,
Jörg Spitz,
Jörg Spitz,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Jörg Spitz,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Razegheh Akhbarizadeh,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Torsten C. Schmidt
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Sina Dobaradaran,
Sina Dobaradaran,
Torsten C. Schmidt
Summary
Microplastics in the 1-5 µm range are the most prevalent contaminants in bottled water, with water in plastic bottles consistently more contaminated than in glass bottles; while most other contaminant levels (pharmaceuticals, PFAS, BPA) fell below safety thresholds, synergistic effects of multiple contaminants remain unknown.
Study Type
Review
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have recently been detected in bottled water and have brought about discussions on possible risks for human health. However, a systematic review of CECs in bottled water is currently lacking due to the relatively new introduction and/or detection of these pollutants. Hence, this paper reviews the existing studies on the presence of six major groups of emerging contaminants including microplastics (MPs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, alkylphenols (APs), and perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in bottled water from different countries. Also, the findings related to CECs' levels, their possible sources, and their risks are summarized. The gathered data indicate that MPs within the size range of 1-5 μm are the most predominant and potentially toxic classes of MPs in bottled water. In addition, PPCPs, PFASs, APs, and BPA occur in concentration levels of ng/L, while phthalates occur in the μg/L level in bottled water. The bottle type plays an important role in the contamination level. As expected, water in plastic bottles with plastic caps is more polluted than in glass bottles. However, other sources of contamination such as contact materials during cleaning, bottling, and storage are not negligible. Based on the gathered data in this review, the CEC levels except for MPs (no threshold values) in bottled water of most countries do not raise a safety concern for the human. However, the occurrence of individual CECs and their association in bottled water need more accurate data to understand their own/synergistic effects on human health.