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Quantification of microplastics using Nile Red in two bivalve species Perna viridis and Meretrix meretrix from three estuaries in Pondicherry, India and microplastic uptake by local communities through bivalve diet
Summary
Two bivalve species from three estuaries in Pondicherry, India, contained an average of 0.18 to 1.84 microplastics per gram of tissue, and a community survey estimated that locals who regularly eat bivalves could ingest nearly 4,000 microplastic particles per year from this dietary source alone. The study is the first to quantify microplastic exposure through bivalve consumption for the local population.
Microplastics ingested by two bivalve species Perna viridis and Meretrix meretrix collected from three estuaries viz. Ariyankuppam, Panithittu, and Chunnambar in Pondicherry, India was analysed for the first time in this research. Nile Red dye was used for microplastic detection. A survey of 50 local families was conducted to determine the frequency and quantity in which they consume mussels/clams. On an average, the number of microplastics per gram of soft tissue (wet weight) is 0.18 ± 0.04, 1.84 ± 0.61, and 1.76 ± 0.48; and the number of microplastics per bivalve is 0.50 ± 0.11, 1.75 ± 0.35, and 4.80 ± 1.39 respectively for Ariyankuppam, Panithittu, and Chunnambar. 61.02% and 77.42% of the particles belonged to the size group of <100 μm in M. meretrix and P. viridis respectively. A moderate positive correlation of r (18) = 0.6985, p < 0.05 was calculated between bivalve weight and microplastic particles. An average person belonging to the local community is likely to ingest 3917.79 ± 144.71 microplastic particles per year through mussel consumption.