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INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERFACIAL LAYER OF RETTED NATURAL BAST NETTLE FIBERS AND EPOXY MATRIX IN A POLYMER COMPOSITE
Original title: INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERFACIAL LAYER OF RETted NATURAL BAST NETTLE FIBERS AND EPOXY MATRIX IN A POLYMER COMPOSITE
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This Russian-language study investigates the interfacial layer between natural bast fibers (nettle) and polymer matrices in composite materials. Researchers examined how the fiber-matrix interface affects mechanical properties of the resulting microplastics from natural fiber composites. This is a materials science study on bio-composite manufacturing rather than environmental microplastic research.
Для полимерных композиционных материалов (ПКМ) с армирующим наполнителем из натуральных волокон одним из актуальных вопросов является обеспечение надёжного межфазного слоя волокно-матрица. Предметом экспериментального исследования явились образцы микропластика из элементарных волокон стебля крапивы (Urtica dioica L.) и эпоксидной матрицы. Цель исследования – изучение качества межфазной связи элементарного волокна стебля крапивы и эпоксидного связующего. Использованы методы оптической микроскопии и сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ). Из реттированных в естественных условиях стеблей крапивы ранневесеннего сбора выделены элементарные волокна длиной до 70 мм. Для получения микропластика использовано связующее на основе эпоксидиановой смолы ЭД-20 и циклоалифатического отвердителя Этал-М7. Концентрация армирующего наполнителя в ПКМ составила 1 % (масс.). Это позволило расположить волокна в толще матрицы индивидуально, без взаимного влияния друг на друга. На разрушенных образцах микропластика выявлена многоугольная форма поперечного сечения элементарных волокон крапивы. Рёбра волокон скруглены. Просвет волокна – узкий щелевидный, почти сомкнувшийся. Размер поперечных сечений волокон составляет от 20 до 30 мкм, соотношение размеров (ширина-толщина) достигает 1:1,5, толщина клеточной стенки волокна – от 5 до 12 мкм, ширина боковых граней волокна – от 10 до 20 мкм. На боковой поверхности волокон имеется микрорельеф с масштабом отклонений порядка от менее чем 100 нм до 1 мкм. Вытягивание волокна при разрушении образца микропластика очень мало и составляет от 1/20 до 1/30 от поперечного размера сечения волокна. Характер разрыва волокна свидетельствует о хрупком механизме его разрушения. Межфазная связь волокно-матрица в изученных образцах ПКМ объясняется механизмом механической блокировки. При нагружении образца микропластика разрушение происходит по волокну. Результаты исследования могут быть применены для создания ПКМ на основе натуральных волокон и эпоксидной матрицы. For natural fibers reinforced polymer composite (NFRPs), one of the topical issues is to ensure a reliable fiber-matrix interface. The subject of experimental research was samples of microplastics from ultimate fibers from the stalk of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and an epoxy matrix. The aim of the investigation was to study the quality of the interface between the ultimate fiber of the nettle stem and the epoxy binder. The methods of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Ultimate fibers with a length of up to 70 mm were isolated from the stalks of nettles of early spring collection retracted in vivo. To obtain microplastics, a binder based on ED-20 epoxy resin and Etal-M7 cycloaliphatic hardener was used. The concentration of the reinforcing filler in the NFRP was 1% (wt.). This made it possible to arrange the fibers in the thickness of the matrix individually, without mutual influence on each other. On destroyed samples of microplastics, a polygonal cross-sectional shape of ultimate nettle fibers was revealed. The ribs of the fibers are rounded. The fiber lumen is narrow, slit-like, almost closed. The size of the cross-sections of the fibers is from 20 to 30 microns, the size ratio (width-thickness) reaches 1: 1.5, the thickness of the fiber cell wall is from 5 to 12 microns, the width of the side faces of the fiber is from 10 to 20 microns. There is a microrelief on the lateral surface of the fibers with a deviation scale of the order of 1 μm to 100 nm or less. Fiber pulling upon fracture of a microplastic sample is very small and ranges from 1/20 to 1/30 of the cross-sectional dimension of the fiber. The nature of the fiber break is indicative of the fragile mechanism of fiber destruction. The fiber-matrix interface in the studied NFRP samples corresponds to the mechanical blocking mechanism. The interphase connection is sufficiently large and, when the microplastic sample is loaded, the fracture occurs along the fiber. The research results can be used to create a NFRPs based on natural fibers and an epoxy matrix.
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