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Microplastics occurrence and spatial distribution in seawater and sediment of Haikou Bay in the northern South China Sea
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Microplastics in the seawater of the Beibu Gulf, the northern South China Sea: occurrence, sources, and ecological risk
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Researchers sampled surface and bottom seawater in the Beibu Gulf of the South China Sea and found microplastic abundances averaging 1.35 items per cubic meter at the surface, with sources traced to fishing, aquaculture, and land-based plastic waste, and polymer hazard indices indicating elevated chemical risk despite low overall pollution load.
Distribution, source, and sink of microplastics in the nearshore-estuarine systems of the South China Sea basin
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This review synthesizes data on microplastic distribution, sources, and sink dynamics across rivers, nearshore zones, and estuaries of the South China Sea, identifying river inputs, industrial discharge, aquaculture, and shipping as major pollution drivers. The findings are significant because the South China Sea's densely populated coastal margins represent a major pathway through which microplastics enter marine ecosystems and regional seafood supplies.
The abundance, characteristics and diversity of microplastics in the South China Sea: Observation around three remote islands
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Floating microplastics in the South China Sea around three remote islands reached median concentrations of 1.9×10⁵ items/km², with polypropylene dominating and transparent films comprising the majority — pointing to household and agricultural plastic consumption as primary sources. Fish and mollusks in these waters were also found to have ingested microplastics, confirming active bioaccumulation in marine food webs of a region surrounded by high-plastic-use emerging markets.
Microplastic distribution and contamination in sediment, water, and benthos from mangrove to coastal areas, Hainan Island, China
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A study of mangrove areas and adjacent open water in Hainan Island, China found higher microplastic concentrations in mangrove zones across sediment, water, and benthic organisms, with polychaetes and bivalves facing elevated ecological risk. Mangroves act as microplastic traps, meaning shellfish and bottom-dwelling creatures in these ecosystems face heightened exposure, with potential implications for seafood safety.
Tidal variability and microplastics distribution: source analysis in Dongshan Bay beach sediments, South China
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A four-site study of Dongshan Bay beach sediments in South China found microplastic concentrations ranging from 7.4 to 283.1 items/kg, with tidal dynamics strongly influencing distribution — higher loads near estuaries at high tide and coastal accumulation at low tide — and statistical analysis pointing to fishing and packaging industries as the dominant sources. Tidal forcing emerges as a key control on microplastic redistribution in coastal sediments, complicating source attribution and remediation planning for fishery-intensive coastlines.
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