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Микропластик в пищевых продуктах: анализ загрязненности и обзор способов идентификации

Food processing industry 2025 Score: 48 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Дмитрий Михайлович Мяленко, О.Б. Федотова, А.А. Агарков

Summary

This Russian-language review examined microplastic contamination of food products and consumer goods, covering contamination levels, detection methods, and identification techniques. The study found microplastics in a wide range of food categories and highlighted the need for standardized analytical methods and regulatory limits.

Study Type Environmental

Полимерные материалы в настоящее время используются практически во всех отраслях промышленности ввиду своей доступности и универсальности. В связи с этим возрастают риски потенциального загрязнения микропластиками (МП) пищевых продуктов и потребительских товаров. МП принято считать частицы синтетических материалов, как правило, состоящие из пластиковых мономеров, размером от 0,1 до 5000 мкм. Проводимые ранее исследования отечественных и мировых ученых подтвердили присутствие микрочастиц полимеров в объектах окружающей среды, почве, мировом океане и сточных водах, однако вопросы идентификации МП в продуктах питания и их потенциальное влияние на организм человека изучены недостаточно. В последнее время появляются работы по обнаружению и идентификации частиц МП в напитках, морепродуктах, растительных продуктах, соли, сахаре. Анализ существующих методов обнаружения синтетических частиц показал, что в большинстве случаев их применение для качественного и количественного определения МП в пищевых продуктах без дополнительной пробоподготовки затруднительно. Повысить эффективность качественного и количественного анализа можно с привлечением специальных методов и устройств, в том числе направленных на удаление органических веществ, применение дополнительной фильтрации и прочие. Данный обзор направлен на анализ существующих методов идентификации МП в пищевых продуктах и способов их экстракции с целью формирования будущих научных исследований в данном направлении. В результате анализа литературы показано, что наличие МП обусловлено природой и свойствами синтетических полимеров, поэтому базовым направлением исследований должна являться разработка способов и приемов минимизации потенциальной миграции МП на стадии создания тех или иных объектов, в том числе полимерных упаковочных материалов, и создание несинтетической альтернативы. Polymer materials are currently used in almost all industries due to their accessibility and versatility. In this regard, the risks of potential contamination of food and consumer goods with microplastics (MP) are increasing. MP is considered to be particles of synthetic materials, usually consisting of plastic monomers ranging in size from 0.1 to 5000 microns. Previous studies conducted by Russian and international scientists have confirmed the presence of polymer microparticles in environmental objects, soil, the world's oceans, and wastewater, but the identification of MP in food products and their potential impact on the human body have not been sufficiently studied. Recently, there have been studies on the detection and identification of MP particles in beverages, seafood, plant-based products, salt, and sugar. An analysis of existing methods for detecting synthetic particles has shown that in most cases, it is difficult to use them for the qualitative and quantitative determination of MP in food products without additional sample preparation. To improve the efficiency of qualitative and quantitative analysis, it is possible to use special methods and devices, including those aimed at removing organic substances, using additional filtration, and others. This review aims to analyze existing methods for identifying MP in food products and methods for extracting it, in order to guide future research in this area. The analysis of the literature shows that the presence of MP is due to the nature and properties of synthetic polymers, so the basic research area should be the development of methods and techniques for minimizing the potential migration of MP during the creation of various objects, including polymer packaging materials, and the creation of a non-synthetic alternative.

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